Swifafazeri swa vurimi i switirhisiwa leswinga pfuniki nchumu eka ndzhawu ya vurimi bya manguva lawa, leswi tlangaka xiave xa nkoka eka ku lawula rihanyo ra swibyariwa na vuhumelerisi. Switirhisiwa leswi swi endleriwe hi ku kongoma ku tirhisa swilo swa mati swo fana na swidlaya-switsotswana, swidlaya-switsotswana, na manyoro hi xivumbeko xa nkungu ku tsemakanya ndhawu yo anama ya swibyariwa hi ndlela leyinene na hi ndlela leyinene.
Xana xifafazeri i yini?
Xifafazeri i xiphemu xa switirhisiwa swa vurimi leswi tirhisiwaka ku hangalasa mati hiku tirhisa atomization. Endlelo leri ri katsa ku hundzula switolwa swa mati swi va mathonsi ya kahle kumbe nkungu, leswi nga fafazeriwaka hi ndlela leyi fanaka eka swimilana na masimu. Swiphemu swa nkoka swa xifafazeri swikatsa thangi ro khoma mati, pompo yo tshikelela sisiteme, tihoyisi, tivalvu, tifiltara, na ti nozzles leti lawulaka tlhelo na mpimo wa ku khuluka ka xifafazeri.
Masungulo na nhluvukiso wo sungula .
Ku humelela ka swifafazeri swa switirhisiwa swa vurimi swisungule e France exikarhi ka lembe xidzana ravu 19 naswona swina matimu ya kwalomu ka 200 wa malembe ntsena. Eku sunguleni, tindlela a ti ri ta xisekelo hi switirhisiwa swo fana na swisibi kumbe maburashi lama tirhisiwaka ku fafazela swidlaya-switsotswana swa mati kumbe swibyariwa swa ntshuri hi phoyizeni leyi phutseriweke hi malapi. Kutani yi hundzukile yi tirhisa switirhisiwa swo olova swa hayidiroliki swofana na ti pulling tubes kumbe ti syringes kuva yi fafazela swilo leswinga na mati kumbe ti dispersing powders hiku tirhisa ti air blasts.Eku heleni ka lembe xidzana ravu 19, United States yihumelerisile swifafazeri swa mavoko na ti hand dusters, leswi fungha masungulo ya thekinoloji ya manguva lawa yo fafazela swidlaya switsotswana.
Eku heleni ka malembe yava 1800s, swifafazeri leswi tirhisiwaka hi mavoko swive na ndhuma eka van’wamapurasi. Switirhisiwa leswi a swi ri ni thangi leri a ri tele hi xitofu xa mati lexi hlanganisiweke ni nozzle leyi a yi humesa nkungu lowunene loko wu tshikileriwa. Van’wamapurasi va pomperile swifafazeri leswi hi voko leswaku vata aka ntshikelelo loko vanga se famba emasin’wini kuva va chela vutshunguri hiku kongoma eka swibyariwa.
Hi nhluvuko wa ti indasitiri ekusunguleni ka malembe yava 1900s, swifafazeri swa motorized swihumelele leswi pfumelelaka ku funengetiwa lokukulu swinene eka nkarhi wo koma. Leswi aswitala ku vekiwa eka ti tractors leswi enhancaka hivumbirhi bya swona na ku tirha kahle eka vulawuri bya switsotswana.
Swilo leswintshwa swa manguva lawa .
Hi lembe xidzana ra vu-20, ku humelela lokukulu ka thekinoloji ku hundzule tipulani ta swifafazeri. Ku tumbuluxiwa ka hollow cone na fan-shaped nozzles swi olovisile atomization yo saseka ya swilo leswi nga mati, ku ndlandlamuxa ku funengeta na ku tirha kahle. Hiva 1970s, ku hlanganisiwa ka thekinoloji ya hayidiroliki, tisisiteme ta xivono xa photonic, ultrasonics, switwi swa manguva lawa, GPS, GIS (geographic information systems), remote sensing, na telemetry swiendle leswaku swifafazeri swiva leswi kongomeke swinene naswona swi tlharihile.
Kuya emahlweni, ku tumbuluxiwa ka ti nozzles leti lulamisiwaka swiendle leswaku kuva na vuswikoti swinene eka vukorhokeri bya swifafazeri. Ti nozzles leti tinga lulamisiwa kuva ti tisa xifafazeri hi swivumbeko swohambana hambana na vukulu bya mathonsi, kuya hi swilaveko swokarhi swa xibyariwa kumbe xitsotswana lexi kongomisiweke. Ku olova loku ku pfumelela van’wamapurasi ku antswisa ku tirha kahle ka xifafazeri loko va ri karhi va hunguta ku tlanga hi mali.
Nhluvuko wun’wana wa nkoka i ku hlanganisiwa ka vulawuri bya le kule na swivumbeko swa otomatiki eka dizayini ya xifafazeri. Hiku pfuniwa hi ti remote control systems, van’wamapurasi vanga tirhisa swifafazeri kusuka ekule, ku tiyisisa vuhlayiseki bya swona xikan’we naku olova. Swihlawulekisi swa otomatiki swi endla leswaku swifafazeri swi landzelela tindlela leti phurogiremiweke ka ha ri emahlweni, ku tiyisisa ku hlanganisiwa loku nga cincekiki na ku hunguta khombo ra xihoxo xa vanhu.
Ku hluvukisiwa ka xifafazeri xa China .
Vulavisisi bya swifafazeri e China byi sungurile hiva 1930s e Zhejiang Provincial Research Institute. Endzhaku ka ku simekiwa ka New China hi 1949 ehansi ka tipholisi leti rhangisaka emahlweni michini ya vurimi, China yi yise emahlweni thekinoloji ya rona ya xifafazeri hi xihatla. Ku cinca kusuka eka maendlelo ya manual kuya eka motorized swi funghe ku tlula lokukulu kuya emahlweni. Eka makume ya malembe ya sweswinyana, vaendli va le Chayina va dzikise mianakanyo ya vona eka swilo leswintshwa—ku cinca ku suka eka ku tekelela ku ya eka pulani yo sungula—na ku hlanganisa swivumbeko leswi tirhaka mintirho yo tala leswi khathalelaka swilaveko swo hambana-hambana swa vurimi.
Doroba ra Taizhou ri humelele tanihi ndhawu yo endla swilo leswitsongo . Swifafazeri swa ti knapsack leti sweswi ti lawulaka timakete ta misava hinkwayo hikokwalaho ka khwalithi ya tona na vutumbuluxi.
Swifafazeri swa vurimi swifike mpfhuka woleha hi tlhelo ra vutumbuluxi na vukorhokeri. Hi xilaveko lexi tshamaka xiri karhi xikula xa mbuyelo wale henhla wa swibyariwa xikan’we na vulawuri bya switsotswana lebyi tirhaka, van’wamapurasi va manguva lawa va hundzukela eka switirhisiwa swa xiyimo xale henhla swofana na swifafazeri swa agricultural knapsack. Switirhisiwa leswi swo rhwala na swohambana hambana swi hundzule ndlela leyi van’wamapurasi va lawulaka swibyariwa swa vona ha yona, leswi swinyikaka ntlhantlho lowu olovaka naku tirha kahle eka ku dlaya nhova, ku lawula switsotswana, na ku cheleta.
Xin’wana xa swilo swa nkoka swa manguva lawa . Swifafazeri swa agricultural knapsack i ergonomic design ya swona. Vaendli va swilo va xiye nkoka wo nyika van’wamapurasi switirhisiwa swo olova no olova ku swi tirhisa. Swifafazeri leswi sweswi swina swirhendzevutani leswi lulamisiwaka xikan’we na switshamo swale ndzhaku leswi padded, leswi tiyisisaka leswaku van’wamapurasi vanga swi rhwala kuringana nkarhi woleha handle ko karhala makatla kumbe nkolo. Dizayini leyi ya ergonomic ayi ndlandlamuxi ntsena vuhlayiseki kambe yitlhela yi antswisa vuhumelerisi, leswi pfumelelaka van’wamapurasi kuva va funengeta tindzhawu letikulu hiku olova.
Ku engetela eka nchavelelo, swifafazeri swa manguva lawa swa agricultural knapsack switlhela swiva na maendlelo ya xiyimo xale henhla yo pompa. Swifafazeri leswi switirhisa thekinoloji ya ntshikelelo wale henhla, leswi tiyisisaka leswaku endlelo ro fafazela ri tirha kahle naswona ritshama riri kona. Hi swiyimo swa ntshikelelo leswi lulamisiwaka, van’wamapurasi vanga lawula hiku olova ku khuluka na matimba ya xifafazeri, leswi endlaka leswaku xifaneleka eka swibyariwa swohambana hambana xikan’we na swilaveko swa vulawuri bya switsotswana. Ku fafazeriwa loku ka vukheta a ku hlayisi nkarhi ni switirhisiwa ntsena kambe ku tlhela ku tiyisekisa leswaku tikhemikhali ti hangalasiwa hi ku ringana, leswi kurisaka ku tirha ka tona.
Ku tumbuluxiwa ka ti design ta ti nozzle ta vutumbuluxi swi tlhele swi ndlandlamuxa vukorhokeri bya swifafazeri swa makanwa ya vurimi. Ti nozzles leti ti endleriwe ku nyika xivumbeko xo fafazela lexi fanaka, ku hunguta ku tlanga hi mali na ku tiyisisa ku funengetiwa loku heleleke. Swifafazeri swin’wana switlhela swinyika ti nozzles leti cinca cincaka, leswi pfumelelaka van’wamapurasi kuva va endla leswaku xivumbeko xa swifafazeri xiva na swilaveko swa vona swokarhi. Ku cinca cinca loku ku pfuna ngopfu loko ku tirhaniwa na tinxaka tohambana hambana ta swibyariwa kumbe loko ku kongomisiwa eka tindzhawu tokarhi ta vulawuri bya switsotswana.
