Ukuvela kwezifutho ze-Agricultural Knapsack

Izifutho zezolimo zingamathuluzi abalulekile emkhakheni wokulima wesimanje, adlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni impilo yezitshalo kanye nokukhiqiza. Lawa madivaysi aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukusebenzisa izinto eziwuketshezi njengezibulala-zinambuzane, imithi yokubulala ukhula, nomanyolo ngendlela yenkungu endaweni yonke yezitshalo ngendlela ephumelelayo nangempumelelo.

 

Kuyini isifutho?

I-sprayer ucezu lwemishini yezolimo esetshenziselwa ukuhlakaza uketshezi ngokusebenzisa i-atomization. Le nqubo ihilela ukuguqula izixazululo eziwuketshezi zibe amaconsi amahle noma inkungu, engafuthwa ngokufanayo ezitshalweni nasemasimini. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zesifafazi zihlanganisa ithangi lokubamba uketshezi, iphampu yokucindezela isistimu, amapayipi, amavalvu, izihlungi, namabhobho alawula indlela kanye nezinga lokugeleza kwesifutho.

 

Umsuka kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwasekuqaleni

Ukuvela kwezifutho zamathuluzi ezolimo kwaqala eFrance maphakathi nekhulu le-19 futhi kunomlando weminyaka engaba ngu-200 kuphela. Ekuqaleni, izindlela zazingajwayelekile ngamathuluzi afana nemishanelo noma amabhulashi ayesetshenziselwa ukufafaza izibulala-zinambuzane eziwuketshezi noma izitshalo zothuli ngempushana esongwe ngendwangu. Yabe isiguqukela ekusebenziseni amathuluzi alula asebenzisa amanzi amaningi njengamashubhu okudonsa noma amasirinji okufafaza uketshezi noma izimpushana ezihlakazayo ngokuqhuma komoya. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, i-United States yakhiqiza izifutho zezandla neziduli zezandla, okuphawula ukuqala kobuchwepheshe besimanje bokufafaza izibulala-zinambuzane.

 

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1800, izifutho ezisebenza ngesandla zathola ukuduma kubalimi. Lezi zixhobo zazihlanganisa ithangi eligcwele uketshezi oluxhunywe emlonyeni okhipha inkungu encane lapho icindezelwa. Abalimi baziphampa mathupha lezi zifutho ukuze bakhe ingcindezi ngaphambi kokudabula emasimini ukuze bafake imithi yokwelapha ngqo ezitshalweni.

 

Ngokuthuthuka kwezimboni ekuqaleni kwawo-1900, kwavela izifutho ezinenjini ezivumela ukutholakala okubanzi phakathi nezikhathi ezimfushane. Lokhu bekuvame ukugxunyekwa kogandaganda okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nempumelelo ekulawuleni izinambuzane.

 

Izindlela Ezintsha Zanamuhla

Phakathi nekhulu lama-20, impumelelo ebalulekile yezobuchwepheshe yashintsha imiklamo yokufafaza. Ukusungulwa kwekhoni elingenalutho kanye namabhomu amise okwefeni kusize ukwenziwa ngcono kwe-athomu yoketshezi, kwathuthukisa ukumbozeka nokusebenza kahle. Ngawo-1970, ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bamanzi, izinhlelo zokubona izithombe, ama-ultrasonics, izinzwa zesimanje, i-GPS, i-GIS (Izinhlelo Zokwaziswa Kwendawo), izinzwa ezikude, kanye ne-telemetry kwenza izifutho zanemba futhi zahlakanipha ngokwengeziwe.

 

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwemibhobho eshintshwayo kuthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwezifutho. Le mibhobho ingalungiswa ukuze ilethe isifutho ngamaphethini ahlukene nosayizi bamaconsi, kuye ngezidingo ezithile zesitshalo noma izinambuzane eziqondiwe. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kuvumela abalimi ukuthi bakhulise ukusebenza kahle kwesifutho kuyilapho benciphisa ukumoshakala.

 

Enye inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ukuhlanganiswa kwesilawuli kude kanye nezici ezizenzakalelayo ekwakhiweni kwesifutho. Ngosizo lwezinhlelo zokulawula kude, abalimi bangasebenzisa izifutho bekude, baqinisekise ukuphepha kwazo kanye nokuba lula kwazo. Izici ezizenzakalelayo zivumela izifutho ukuthi zilandele imizila ehlelwe kusengaphambili, iqinisekisa ukumbozwa okungaguquki futhi inciphisa ingozi yamaphutha abantu.

 

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesifutho saseChina

Ucwaningo ngezifutho eChina lwaqala ngeminyaka yawo-1930 eZhejiang Provincial Research Institute. Ngemva kokusungulwa kweShayina Entsha ngo-1949 ngaphansi kwezinqubomgomo ezibeka eqhulwini ukwenziwa kwemishini yezolimo, iShayina yathuthukela ngokushesha ubuchwepheshe bayo bokufafaza. Ukushintsha ukusuka kumasistimu okwenziwa ngesandla kuya kumasistimu ahamba ngezimoto kuphawule ukweqa okubalulekile phambili. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, abakhiqizi baseShayina bagxile emisha-ukushintsha ukusuka ekulingiseni ukuya ekuklanyweni kwasekuqaleni-kanye nokuhlanganisa izakhiwo ezisebenzayo ezihlinzeka ngezidingo ezihlukahlukene zezolimo.

Idolobha laseTaizhou liqhamuke njengendawo yokukhiqiza izinto ezincane izifutho ze-knapsack manje eseziphethe izimakethe zomhlaba wonke ngenxa yekhwalithi yazo kanye nokuqanjwa okusha.

 

Izifutho zezolimo sezihambe ibanga elide mayelana nokuqanjwa kabusha nokusebenza kahle. Ngesidingo esikhula njalo sokuvunwa okuphezulu kwezitshalo kanye nokulawula izinambuzane ngempumelelo, abalimi besimanje baphendukela kumathuluzi athuthukile njengezifutho ze-knapsack zezolimo. Lezi zixhobo eziphathwayo nezisebenza ngezindlela eziningi ziye zashintsha indlela abalimi abaphatha ngayo izitshalo zabo, zabanikeza ikhambi elikahle neliphumelelayo lokubulala ukhula, ukulawula izinambuzane, nokunisela ngenkasa.

 

Esinye sezici ezibalulekile zesimanje izifutho ze-knapsack zezolimo ziwumklamo wazo we-ergonomic. Abakhiqizi bakubonile ukubaluleka kokuhlinzeka abalimi ngezinto zokusebenza ezinethezekile nezisebenziseka kalula. Lezi zifutho manje sezifakwe izintambo ezilungisekayo kanye nama-backrest ane-padded, okuqinisekisa ukuthi abalimi bangakwazi ukuthwala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokudonsa amahlombe noma umhlane. Lo mklamo we-ergonomic awugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukunethezeka kodwa futhi uthuthukisa umkhiqizo, ovumela abalimi ukuthi bahlanganise izindawo ezinkulu kalula.

 

Ngaphezu kokunethezeka, izifutho zesimanje ze-knapsack zezolimo nazo zifakwe amasistimu wokupompa athuthukile. Lezi zifutho zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunomfutho ophezulu, oqinisekisa ukuthi indlela yokufafaza iyasebenza futhi ayiguquki. Ngezilungiselelo zokucindezela ezilungisekayo, abalimi bangakwazi ukulawula kalula ukugeleza nokuqina kwesifutho, okusenze sifanelekele izitshalo ezahlukene kanye nezidingo zokulawula izinambuzane. Lokhu kufafaza okunembayo akugcini nje ngokusindisa isikhathi nezinsiza kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi amakhemikhali asatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo, okwandisa ukusebenza kwawo ngempumelelo.

 

Ukuthuthukiswa kwemiklamo emisha ye-nozzle kuphinde kwathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezifutho ze-knapsack zezolimo. Lezi zimbobo zenzelwe ukunikeza iphethini yesifutho efanayo, ukunciphisa ukumosha nokuqinisekisa ukumbozwa ngokuphelele. Ezinye izifutho zinikeza ngisho nemibhobho eshintshashintshayo, okuvumela abalimi ukuba benze iphethini yesifutho ngokwezifiso ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zabo ezithile. Lokhu kuguquguquka kuwusizo ikakhulukazi lapho usebenza nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo noma lapho uqondise izindawo ezithile zokulawula izinambuzane.