Nigute Sisitemu yo Kuvomerera ikora?

Abafite imitungo n'abashinzwe imiterere nyaburanga bahura nizuba ridahwema mu mpeshyi. Bakoresha igishoro kirenze kuri fagitire zingirakamaro buri kwezi. Nyamara, ibimera byiza byo mu busitani biracyafite urugamba mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Uburyo gakondo bwo kuvomera burananirana kuko butakaza amazi menshi. Guhumuka vuba, gutwarwa n'umuyaga, no gutemba hejuru nibyo nyirabayazana. Inshuro nyinshi, zuhira cyane zirasa neza hejuru. Nyamara, ubuhehere ntibukunze kwinjira mubutaka bwubutaka aho sisitemu yimizi ikura.

Vuba aha, ihindagurika ry’ikirere hamwe n’amabwiriza akomeye y’amazi ya komine byatumye habaho impinduka nini mu myubakire y’imiterere. Inganda ziragenda zihuta ziva muburyo budashoboka bwumwuzure nuburyo bwo gutera. Ahubwo, icyerekezo cyahindutse rwose gucunga neza amazi . Igisubizo cyiza cyane, gishyigikiwe na siyanse kuriyi nzitizi yubucuruzi n’imiturire ni kuhira imyaka. Ubu buryo bukora neza, bugamije kuvomera butanga ubuhehere mu nsi y’igihingwa. Ubu buryo bufatika butuma zone yumuzi yakira amazi ahoraho, apimye. Ikuraho burundu imyanda ingwate ijyanye no gutera hejuru. Haba gucunga icyegeranyo gito cyibitanda byimboga byazamutse cyangwa kugenzura ahantu hacururizwa hacururizwa, kumva uburyo ubwo buryo bukora nintambwe yambere yingenzi igana ku mbuga nzima, kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Ibyingenzi

• Igisobanuro gisobanutse: Kuvomera amazi ni uburyo bwuzuye, bwo kuvomera umuvuduko muke. Itanga amazi kumanuka-kumanuka kumuzi yibiti, bigabanya cyane guhumeka no gutemba hejuru.

• Ingaruka ntagereranywa: Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekana ko sisitemu ikora kugera kuri 90%. Ibi bizigama amazi menshi nigishoro ugereranije nuburyo busanzwe bwo kumena imashini.

• Ibice by'ibanze: Igikorwa gikora, kitarangiritse gishingiye ku ruhererekane rukomeye rw'ibyuma bya hydraulic. Ibi birimo gukumira inyuma, gushungura mesh, kugenzura igitutu, gukwirakwiza tubing, hamwe n’ibisohoka byihariye.

• Igishushanyo mbonera: Imiterere ya modular yo kuhira mikoro ituma ihinduka imibare. Ikora itagira inenge ku gihuru cyinshi, ibihingwa byabumbwe, hamwe n’ibikorwa binini by’ubuhinzi kimwe.

• Inteko itunganijwe: Hamwe na gahunda yubuhanga ikwiye, kwishyiriraho bihinduka inzira yumvikana. Kubungabunga inzira byemeza imyaka yo gukora neza.

Gusobanura Kuvomera Kuvomera ahantu nyaburanga

Kugirango dusobanukirwe neza ubukanishi bwubu buryo bwo kuvomera, tugomba gutangirana nijambo shingiro. Abashakashatsi ba Hydraulic basobanura ibi nkibikorwa byiza cyane uburyo bwo kuhira mikorobe bugenewe kubungabunga amazi nintungamubiri zubutaka bwaho. Irabigeraho yemerera amazi gutemba buhoro kandi nkana muri zone yumuzi wibimera. Gutanga bishobora kugaragara hejuru yubutaka ukoresheje ibyuka bihumanya. Ubundi, irashobora gushyingurwa munsi yubuso hifashishijwe imirongo itonyanga. Mugukora kumuvuduko muke nubunini buke, tekinoroji ikuraho burundu akajagari, kugari kwinshi muburyo gakondo.

Kurenga ibisobanuro byoroshye byibitabo, amateka ningaruka kwisi yose yikoranabuhanga bigaragaza uruhare runini mubuhinzi bugezweho. Reba ubushishozi bwa tekinike yerekeye iterambere ryayo.

• Inkomoko y’ubuhinzi: Ikoranabuhanga rya kijyambere rya kijyambere ryatangijwe cyane ahantu humye mugihe cya 1950. Ba injeniyeri bavumbuye ko kurekura gahoro gahoro amazi byatumye imikurire ikura cyane ugereranije nuburyo bwinshi bw’umwuzure.

• Kubungabunga Amazi ku Isi: Amakuru y’ubuhinzi yerekana ko guhindukira kuhira imyaka bigabanya imikoreshereze y’amazi 30% kugeza 70% ku isi. Ibi bituma ikorana buhanga mu turere dukunze kwibasirwa n’amapfa ahura n’ibikorwa byo kuvomerera amakomine.

• Kugabanya ibyatsi bibi: Amazi akoreshwa gusa muri zone yihariye yumuzi wifuzwa. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubutaka buzengurutse buguma bwumye. Ubu buryo bugamije kwicisha inzara imbuto zibyatsi zidasinziriye kugirango zimera.

Urebye uko ubusitani bugezweho, hariho impinduka nini mu nganda zerekeza ku micungire irambye y’amazi. Abateza imbere imiturirwa hamwe nubucuruzi bwubuhinzi barimo gukoresha byihuse tekinoroji yubuhanga. Abasesenguzi b'inganda bavuga ko guhuza micro-suhira byikora bitakiboneka nkizamuka ryiza gusa. Ahubwo, birahinduka ibyingenzi bisanzwe bisabwa muburyo bugezweho, bwangiza ikirere.

Sisitemu Anatomy na Core Ibigize Ibisobanuro

Igenamigambi ryizewe ntabwo ari ubusitani bwacometse gusa. Nuburyo bukurikiranye neza bwa valve, muyungurura, hamwe nubugenzuzi bwagenewe kugenzura umuvuduko no kugenzura imigendekere. Gusobanukirwa na hydraulic anatomy ntabwo biganirwaho kugirango sisitemu ikwiye kandi ihitemo ibice.

Inkomoko no kugenzura Hub

Ingingo yo gutangiriraho yerekana neza nigihe amazi yinjiye murusobe.

• Igenzura ryikora: Gukora nkubwonko bwimikorere, abagenzuzi ba kijyambere bategeka iminsi nigihe cyigihe. Moderi igezweho ihuza hamwe nikirere cyaho kugirango wirinde kuvomera mugihe cyimvura.

• Kwirinda gusubira inyuma: Iki nigikoresho cyumutekano giteganijwe gisabwa na kodegisi ya komine. Ikoresha imashini yuburyo bumwe. Ibi bituma amazi yubusitani adahagarara adashobora gusubira inyuma mumazi meza yo kunywa.

Amabwiriza yo Kuzunguruka no Kotsa igitutu

Umuvuduko wamazi wa komine urakabije cyane kubice bito bito byuhira. Byongeye kandi, amazi adafunguye azangiza byihuse urusobe rwose.

• Akayunguruzo keza: Ndetse n'amazi meza yo kunywa arimo imyanda ya microscopique cyangwa imyunyu ngugu. Urwego rwubucuruzi 120 kugeza 150-mesh ya ecran ya filteri igomba gushyirwaho ako kanya nyuma yo gukumira inyuma. Uyu mutego ufata ibice mbere yo gufunga inzira ntoya imbere yohereza.

• Igenzura ry'umuvuduko: Umuvuduko w'amazi usanzwe utuye kuva kuri pound 50 kugeza kuri 70 kuri Inch Square, izwi nka PSI. Ubwiza-bwiza abashinzwe igitutu batera imbaraga zikomeye za kinetic kumanuka kumurongo wa 15 kugeza 30 uhagaze. Hatariho iki kintu cyingenzi, ibyuma bya pulasitike byoroshye hamwe nibikoresho byogosha byoroshye guturika byoroshye.

Umuyoboro wo gukwirakwiza

Amazi amaze kuyungurura no kugengwa, agomba gutwarwa neza ahantu nyaburanga.

• Mainline Poly Tubing: Mubisanzwe 1/2 -cm cyangwa 3/4-inimetero ya diametre, iyi tubing ya polyethylene yumukara yoroheje ikora nkimiyoboro yambere. Itwara igice kinini cyamazi kuva isoko kugera ahantu hatandukanye.

• Micro-Tubing: Mubisanzwe 1/4-santimetero ya diametre, utu tubuto duto twa kabiri twashami tuvuye kumurongo. Zigenda byoroshye kuzenguruka urutare n'ibiti binini kugirango bigere amazi kubihingwa byitaruye.

Emitters na Drippers

Impera za sisitemu niho amazi nyayo aboneka.

• Ibyuma bisohora neza: Ibi bikoresho bito bya pulasitike byinjijwe muri tubing kugirango bigaragaze umuvuduko wuzuye. Bapimwe muri Gallons kumasaha, cyangwa GPH. Ingano yubuhinzi isanzwe irimo 0.5, 1.0, na 2.0 GPH ibisubizo.

• Ikoranabuhanga-Indishyi Ikoranabuhanga: Urwego-rwumwuga Umuvuduko-Indishyi, cyangwa PC, ibitonyanga bitonyanga birimo diaphragm y'imbere yihariye. Ibi bituma umuvuduko umwe utemba utitaye kumihindagurikire yuburebure bwikibuga cyangwa ihindagurika ryumuvuduko kumurongo muremure wa tubing.

Ubukanishi bwamazi: Uburyo sisitemu ikora mumurima

Gusobanukirwa urugendo rwumubiri rwamazi birasobanura neza impamvu ubu buryo bukora neza. Abakanishi bakora binyuze muburyo bwitondewe bwo kugabanya umuvuduko ukurikirwa no gukwirakwizwa kwaho.

Urugendo rwa Hydraulic

Iyo gahunda yo kuvomera iteganijwe itangiye, amazi akurikira inzira igoye, igenzurwa kuva spigot kugera kubutaka.

• Gukora Valve: Igihe cyikora kigera mugihe cyateganijwe cyo gutangira. Ifungura uburyo bwa elegitoronike ifungura valve nyamukuru, ituma amazi ya komine atembera muri manif.

• Isuku n'umutekano: Amazi ahita asunika mu gukumira inyuma. Ihita inyura muyunguruzi nziza ya mesh, ikuraho ibintu byahagaritswe cyangwa imyanda.

• Kugabanya Umuvuduko: Amazi yihuta cyane akubita umugenzuzi wumuvuduko. Ibi bice bigabanya umuvuduko, guta ingufu za kinetic kumanuka witonda, ucungwa 25 PSI.

• Ikwirakwizwa: Aya mazi yumuvuduko muke ugenda bucece unyuze mumiyoboro nyamukuru ya poly tubing. Yuzuza sisitemu yose mbere yo gushinga mikoro ntoya.

• Kurekura neza: Amaherezo, amazi agera kumuntu ku giti cye. Diaphragms y'imbere igabanya amazi kurushaho, bigatuma irekura ibitonyanga-bitonyanga hejuru yubutaka.

Igikorwa cya Capillary muri Matrix yubutaka

Amazi amaze kuva muri emitter, physics yubutaka ifata itegeko. Aho guhurira hejuru hanyuma ukirukira mumuhanda, ibitonyanga bitinda bikoresha capillary action. Kuberako amazi akoreshwa buhoro, umwanda ukora nka sponge nini. Ikurura ubuhehere hanze no hepfo muburyo bwagutse bwo munsi yisi. Uyu mwirondoro wimbitse, uhoraho ushishikariza imizi yibiti kurambura epfo. Igisubizo cyibinyabuzima nigikorwa gikomeye, cyometse cyane, kandi cyihanganira amapfa cyane.

Kugereranya Ingaruka nagaciro kubucuruzi

Icyemezo cyo kwimukira mu kuhira imyaka biterwa n’inshingano z’ibidukikije, kuzamura ubuzima bw’ibimera, hamwe n’ingamba ndende z’imari. Inyungu zifatika zizi sisitemu ntizihakana mugihe ugereranije nuburyo gakondo.

Imashini gakondo zitakaza ijanisha rinini ryijwi ryikirere. Umuyaga uhuha utwara ibitonyanga kure yicyerekezo. Hagati aho, izuba rihumeka amazi yo hejuru mbere yuko yinjira mu butaka. Mugutanga amazi kumurongo wigihingwa ku gipimo gito, sisitemu yo gutonyanga ikuraho amazi.

Byongeye kandi, udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza ibidukikije aho amababi y'ibimera akomeza kuba atose. Kuberako kuvomera ibitonyanga bikoresha amazi gusa mumuzi, amababi, ibiti, nindabyo biguma byumye rwose. Ibi bigabanya cyane indwara ya powdery mildew no kubora. Ubucuruzi, ibi bisobanura kuzigama amafaranga menshi. Abafite imitungo bakoresha amafaranga make cyane basimbuza ubusitani bwapfuye cyangwa kugura imiti yica udukoko.

Igikorwa cyo gutoranya ibikorwa: Ibipimo byubwubatsi

Nta nyaburanga ebyiri zisangiye hydrology imwe. Kubwibyo, imiterere nibice byatoranijwe bigomba guhuzwa nibibare byihariye, ubwoko bwibimera, nubutaka bwubutaka bwumwanya wo hanze.

Ibihingwa byinshi-hamwe nuburiri bwazamuye

Ibitanda byimboga byuzuye hamwe nibikoresho bya patio bisaba ibisubizo byamazi byateguwe neza. Kuburiri buzamuye, imiterere ya gride nuburyo bwiza bwubuhanga. Ibi birimo gukora imirongo ibangikanye ya 1/4-santimetero ya emitter itembera hejuru yubutaka. Ibi bikoresho byihariye byo kuvoma byubatswe mubitonyanga bitonyanga buri santimetero 6 kugeza 12. Ibi bituma ibihingwa byatewe cyane byakira ubushuhe bumwe muburiri bwose.

Kugereranya Ibiti na Shrubs

Gushushanya ibibuga binini bisaba ingamba zitandukanye. Igishushanyo mbonera gisanzwe gikoresha umurongo wingenzi. Igice cya 1/2 cya poly tubing cyanyujijwe muburiri bwubusitani, kiboha hafi y'ibihuru binini. Kubiti bikuze, igituba kizunguruka rwose kumurongo wigitonyanga. Ba injeniyeri bakoresha imbaraga zisohora ibintu byinshi, nka moderi ya 2.0 GPH, kugirango babone amazi menshi ya sisitemu ikuze.

Guhuza imyuka nubutaka Hydrology

Igishushanyo kiboneye gisaba guhuza igipimo cyimyuka yoherejwe nubwoko bwubutaka bwihariye. Imiterere y'ubutaka itegeka uburyo amazi yinjizwa vuba nuburyo agenda munsi yubutaka.

• Ubutaka bwumucanga: Amazi agenda yihuta cyane agabanutse cyane. Ba injeniyeri bagaragaza imyuka yoherezwa hejuru kuva kuri 1.0 kugeza 2.0 GPH. Ibi bigomba gushyirwa hamwe, hafi ya santimetero 10 kugeza kuri 12.

• Ubutaka bubi: Iyi miterere itanga icyifuzo, ndetse no kugenda hanze no hepfo. Ibisanzwe 1.0 GPH bisohora intera iri hagati ya santimetero 16 na 18 zikora neza.

• Ubutaka bwibumba: Amazi yinjira buhoro buhoro, akwirakwira cyane. Gukoresha emitter ya 2.0 GPH kubumba riremereye bivamo guhita byuzura no gutemba. Ahubwo, koresha neza 0.5 GPH isohora hagati ya santimetero 20 na 24. Ibi bituma umwanda wuzuye uhagije umwanya wo gukuramo ubuhehere.

Kwinjiza umurima no gufata neza protocole

Kwinjizamo sisitemu yihariye ntibisaba uruhushya rwubucuruzi rwamazi, mugihe ukurikiza amahame akomeye. Igikorwa cyo guterana kirumvikana cyane kandi gishobora gukorwa nibikoresho byibanze.

• Ikarita ya Hydraulic: Shushanya ubusitani ku mpapuro za gride mbere yo kugura ibice. Menya isoko y'amazi, shyira akamenyetso ku bimera, kandi ushushanye inzira nziza yo guhuza imiyoboro. Gupima intera kugirango ubare amashusho nyayo asabwa.

• Inteko ya Manifold: Koranya robine muri iyi gahunda yihariye kugirango umenye neza amazi meza. Ongeraho ingengabihe kuri spigot, ukurikireho gukumira inyuma, hanyuma gushungura mesh, hanyuma amaherezo agenga igitutu.

• Gushyira Tubing Deployment: Aho kurwana na plastiki ikaze, fungura poly tubing ya 1/2 santimetero hanyuma ureke iteke izuba rya nyuma ya saa sita. Ubushyuhe bwumuriro bworoshya ibikoresho. Ibi biroroha cyane inzoka kuzenguruka imizi yibiti bitagonda ijosi. Kurindira hasi ukoresheje ibibanza nyaburanga.

• Gukubita neza: Koresha igikoresho cyihariye cyo gutobora umwobo kugirango utobore umurongo wingenzi hafi yigitereko cya buri gihingwa. Shyiramo umuhuza wogosha, shyiramo uburebure bwa 1/4-inimero ya micro-tubing, hanyuma uyikoreshe neza muri zone yumuzi. Kanda cyane kuri emitter ikwiye kurangiza.

• Sisitemu Flushing: Ntugapfundikire impera yumurongo wingenzi. Hindura amazi ku ntoki hanyuma ureke isohoke mu bwisanzure hanze yiminota itatu. Ibi bisohora ku gahato umwanda cyangwa shitingi yinjiye mumirongo mugihe cyo guterana. Amazi amaze kugenda neza, shyira impera hamwe na shusho-umunani.

Kubungabunga gahunda byemeza kuramba. Abatekinisiye bo mu murima barasaba kugenzura imirongo buri kwezi ahantu humye, byerekana imyuka isohoka. Igihe kirenze, algae ya microscopique hamwe na karubone ya calcium karubone isanzwe yubaka imbere mu mwijima. Kugira ngo wirinde gufunga, fungura sisitemu kabiri mu mwaka. Kubintu biri mubukonje bwikirere, ubukonje ni itegeko. Funga ibintu nyamukuru, ukureho inteko nyinshi, kandi ukoreshe compressor yumuyaga muke kugirango uhindure buhoro buhoro imirongo yumye rwose.

Umwanzuro

Kwimukira mumashanyarazi aciriritse bitanga uburyo budasanzwe, uburyo bwogutanga amazi muburyo butaziguye kumizi yibiti byawe. Mugusobanukirwa nubukanishi bwibanze bwo kugenzura igitutu nigikorwa cya capillary, abafite imitungo barashobora guhindura neza imikoreshereze yabyo. Ubu buryo bwerekanwe na siyansi bugabanya cyane imyanda y’ibidukikije, igabanya fagitire yingirakamaro buri kwezi, kandi iteza imbere imizi yimbitse.

Mugihe gushushanya no gushiraho sisitemu yihariye bisaba ishoramari rito ryambere ryigihe, inyungu zigihe kirekire cyubuhinzi zirakwiriye. Uzomara umwanya muto ukurura amarembo aremereye kurugo kandi umwanya munini wishimira ahantu heza. Kubigize urwego-rwumwuga, kugenzura igitutu cyizewe, hamwe nibisohoka neza bihuye numushinga wawe wihariye, shakisha urutonde rwagutse kuri Ubushinwa . Shyira ahantu nyaburanga hamwe nibikoresho bikwiye kugirango umenye neza ubuzima bwiza bwibimera.

Ibibazo

Ni ubuhe busobanuro nyabwo bwo kuhira imyaka?

Nuburyo bwiza cyane bwo kuhira imyaka bugenewe kubika amazi nintungamubiri mukwemerera ubuhehere gutemba buhoro buhoro kandi bugana mumizi yibiti. Mugukora kumuvuduko muke, bigabanya neza guhumeka, gutwarwa numuyaga, no gutemba hejuru.

Sisitemu yo kuhira ibitonyanga irashobora gushyingurwa mu nsi?

Nibyo, kuhira imyaka yo kuhira ni ibintu bisanzwe, cyane cyane mubuhinzi nubucuruzi bwubucuruzi. Ariko, irasaba igituba kabuhariwe gifite ibyuma bisohora umuringa cyangwa imiti ikura imizi. Ibi birinda imizi yibihingwa inyota kwinjira no gufunga umwobo. Imirongo isanzwe yo guturamo igomba kuguma hejuru yubutaka, nibyiza guhishwa munsi yumurinzi urinda.

Nkwiye gukoresha igihe kingana iki sisitemu yo kuhira imyaka?

Ibihe byo kwiruka biratandukanye cyane bitewe nigipimo cyihariye cyohereza imyuka, ubwoko bwibimera, hamwe nubutaka bwubutaka. Nkibisanzwe bisanzwe, sisitemu ikora muminota 30 kugeza kuri 60 kumasomo kugirango yuzuze ubutaka bwimbitse. Ubutaka bwuzuye ibumba busaba igihe kirekire, gake cyane cyo kuvomera kugirango wirinde gutemba. Ubutaka bwumucanga bwihuta bisaba kuvomera bigufi, kenshi kuvomera.

Nkeneye kugenzura igitutu kuri sisitemu yo gutonyanga?

Nibyo, gushiraho igitutu cyingutu ni itegeko. Umuvuduko w'amazi usanzwe wa komine uri hejuru cyane kandi uzahita uhindura micro-tubing hamwe n'amasano atandukanye. Igenzura rigabanya neza umuvuduko winjira kurwego rwa PSI rushobora gucungwa 15 kugeza 30.

Nshobora gukoresha kuvomera ibitonyanga muri barriel yimvura?

Nibyo, ariko sisitemu yo kugaburira imvura ya rukuruzi ikora kumuvuduko muke cyane. Kugirango ukore iki gikorwa, ugomba kugura igihe cyihariye cya zeru-igitutu, icyerekezo kinini-cyungurura ecran, hamwe n’ibisohoka bitishyurwa. Ibi bituma amazi atemba neza nta mbaraga z'igitutu cya komini ziri inyuma yacyo.

Nigute nabara GPH yose kuri zone yanjye yo kuhira?

Kugirango ubare igipimo cyuzuye cya zone imwe yo kuvomera, kongeramo gusa Gallons kumasaha ya buri emitter kuri uwo murongo wihariye. Kurugero, niba ufite mirongo itanu 1.0 GPH yoherejwe na makumyabiri 0.5 GPH yohereza, zone yawe yose ni 60 GPH. Menya neza ko iyi mibare itarenza ubushobozi ntarengwa bwo gutemba bwamazi yawe cyangwa diameter yawe nyamukuru.

Ni ukubera iki imyuka yanjye itonyanga ifunze, kandi nabasha nte kubikemura?

Imyuka isanzwe ifunga bitewe nubutaka bwiza, imikurire ya algae, cyangwa imyunyu ngugu yubaka amazi nka karubone ya calcium. Kugirango ukosore kandi ukumire ibi, menya neza ko gushungura 120 kugeza 150-mesh muyunguruzi yashizwe kumasoko ya sisitemu. Urashobora guhanagura imyuka yanduye uyishira mumisemburo yoroheje ya vinegere kugirango ushonga amabuye y'agaciro. Byongeye kandi, fungura umurongo wose wingenzi kabiri mumwaka kugirango ukureho imyanda yegeranijwe.