Kuvomerera imirima ikoresha imiyoboro no gutera imitwe kugirango amazi agere ku bihingwa, yigana imvura isanzwe. Abahinzi bashingira ku kuhira imyaka kugirango bagabanye amazi neza, barebe ko ibihingwa byose mumurima byakira neza. Amazi avomwa mumiyoboro hanyuma ikarekurwa mumitwe yamenetse nkibitonyanga byiza. Ubu buryo butwikiriye neza ubutaka kandi butera imbere gukura neza. Imirima myinshi yungukirwa no kuhira imyaka mu kuzigama amazi agera kuri 25% ugereranije nubundi buryo bwo kuhira. Imikoreshereze yo kuvomera imirima iratandukanye bitewe n'akarere, nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira:
Intara / Igihugu |
Ijanisha ryimirima ukoresheje Kuvomerera |
Porutugali |
23.9% |
Espanye |
~ 15% |
Ubutaliyani |
39.4% |
Ubugereki |
29.4% |
Amerika (Amerika) |
Hafi ya 60% (ubwoko bwo kuhira bwiganje) |
Ibyingenzi
Kuvomerera kumashanyarazi bitanga amazi nkimvura. Ifasha ibihingwa gukura. Ikoresha amazi make ugereranije nubundi buryo.
Sisitemu ifite pompe, imiyoboro, na kumena imitwe . Ibi bice bikwirakwiza amazi mu murima. Ikora neza kubutaka bwinshi nuburyo bwubutaka.
Guhitamo pompe iburyo, imiyoboro, hamwe no kumena imitwe ni ngombwa. Ibi bituma sisitemu ikora neza. Ikiza kandi amazi n'imbaraga.
Hariho bitandukanye ubwoko bwa spinkler kumirima itandukanye nibihingwa. Abahinzi bagomba guhitamo sisitemu ijyanye nubutaka bwabo nibikenewe.
Kwitaho buri gihe no kugenzura ubwenge bifasha abahinzi kuzigama amazi. Bagabanya kandi ibiciro kandi bigatuma ibihingwa bigira ubuzima bwiza ibihe byose.
Kuvomera imirima
Kuvomerera ni iki
Kuvomerera kumashanyarazi biha amazi ibihingwa uyitera mu kirere, nkimvura. Imiyoboro n'imitwe ya spinkler ikwirakwiza amazi mubutaka. Intego ni uguha ibihingwa amazi ahagije mugihe gikwiye. Ibi bifasha ibimera gukura neza no kubika amazi.
Kuvomerera kumashanyarazi bikora kubutaka bwinshi nibihingwa. Abahinzi barayikoresha kugirango barebe ko ibice byose byumurima babona amazi, ndetse no kumusozi cyangwa ahahanamye.
Ibitekerezo byingenzi byo kuhira imyaka ni:
Gutuma amazi agwa nkimvura kugirango ifashe ibihingwa.
Gukoresha pompe, imiyoboro, hamwe na sprike kugirango wimure amazi.
Guhindura sisitemu kubutaka butandukanye, ibihingwa, nikirere.
Kuzigama amazi no gukora mumirima yubunini ubwo aribwo bwose.
Kuvomerera imirima bifasha abahinzi gukoresha amazi neza no guhinga imyaka myinshi. Nigice cyingenzi cyo kuhira imyaka.
Uburyo Bikora
Sisitemu yo kuhira imyaka yimura amazi ava isoko, nk'iriba cyangwa ikigega, binyuze mu miyoboro. Pompe isunika amazi mumiyoboro igana kumashanyarazi. Imashini zitera amazi mu bitonyanga bito hejuru y ibihingwa nubutaka.
Amazi anyura muri sisitemu muri izi ntambwe:
Pompe ifata amazi kumasoko kandi ikora igitutu.
Imiyoboro nyamukuru niyisumbuye yimura amazi kuva pompe ikajya kuruhande, ari imiyoboro mito.
Impande zizana amazi kumutwe. Iyi miyoboro iroroshye kandi yoroshye kugenda.
Imitwe ya spinkler ihindura amazi mubitonyanga bito hanyuma ikabikwirakwiza hejuru y ibihingwa, nkimvura.
Ibigize |
Uruhare mukugenda kwamazi no gukwirakwiza |
Pompe |
Kuramo amazi aturuka kandi akora igitutu kuri sisitemu. |
Imiyoboro Nkuru na Yisumbuye |
Twara amazi kuva pompe kugeza kuruhande, hejuru cyangwa munsi yubutaka. |
Kuruhande |
Himura amazi kuva mumiyoboro nyamukuru ukajugunyira, kandi byoroshye kugenda. |
Umutwe |
Shira amazi mumatonyanga mato, utwikire ubutaka nibihingwa neza. |
Abahinzi batekereza kubintu byinshi mugihe bashizeho kuvomera. Ubwoko n'umwanya hagati yimitwe ya spinkler, uburebure bwabyo, hamwe nigitutu cya pompe ibintu byose kugirango amazi akwirakwira. Umuyaga nikirere birashobora guhindura uburyo amazi agwa kumurima. Gutegura neza no kwitaho bituma sisitemu ikora neza.
Gahunda yo kuhira imirima ikoresha izi ntambwe kugirango itange amazi aho nigihe ibihingwa bikeneye. Ibi bifasha ibimera gukura kandi bigatuma abahinzi bakoresha amazi neza.
Ibigize Sisitemu
Amapompo n'amazi
Sisitemu yo kuhira imyaka ikenera isoko y'amazi meza na pompe. Pompe ikuramo amazi mumariba, inzuzi, cyangwa ibigega. Cyakora igitutu gihagije kugirango amazi yimuke. Amapompo ya Centrifugal arasanzwe mumirima mito n'iciriritse. Biroroshye gutunganya no gukora neza n'amazi maremare. Amapompe yibiza yinjira mumariba kandi amara imyaka myinshi. Amapompo ya Vertical turbine nayo akora mumariba maremare kandi yimura amazi menshi. Amapompo yimuka yimura amazi menshi ariko akayaterura munzira ngufi. Imashini zikoresha ingufu za pompe.
Ubwoko bwa pompe |
Ikoreshwa risanzwe |
Ubushobozi busanzwe (GPM) |
Inyandiko ku mikorere nimbaraga zituruka |
Centrifugal |
Kuvomera ibyatsi, imirima mito n'iciriritse |
0 kugeza 5.000 |
Amashanyarazi, mazutu, lisansi, cyangwa PTO ikoreshwa |
Kurohama |
Iriba ryimbitse |
300 kugeza 5.000+ |
Moteri y'amashanyarazi yarengewe na pompe |
Amashanyarazi |
Kugabanuka n'amariba maremare |
Ubushobozi bwo gutembera |
Biratandukanye, kubungabunga cyane |
Pompe |
Umubumbe munini, imiterere yo kuzamura |
0 kugeza 5.000+ |
Akenshi PTO ikoresha |
Turbine |
Amariba maremare, sisitemu y'amazi yo hejuru |
300 kugeza 5.000+ |
Ibyiciro byinshi byimuka, bikora neza |
Impanuro: Gutora pompe iburyo bituma amazi atemba neza kandi bigafasha sisitemu gukora neza.
Imiyoboro hamwe
Imiyoboro hamwe nimpande zimura amazi muri pompe akajya kumera. Imirongo nyamukuru, ikozwe muri PVC, itwara amazi mumurima. Imirongo ihanamye ishami kandi izana amazi hafi y'ibihingwa. Abahinzi batoranya ingano ukurikije umubare w'amazi akenewe. Umuyoboro wa 3/4 ukora kuri spinkler imwe. Umuyoboro wa 1-1 / 2 urashobora gutanga imiti itatu. Imiyoboro myinshi ikoresha Class 200 PVC kuko irakomeye kandi imara igihe kirekire.
Ubwoko bw'imiyoboro |
Ibikoresho |
Gukoresha bisanzwe |
Ikigereranyo cya Diameter |
Imirongo Nkuru |
PVC |
Isaranganya nyamukuru |
1 'kugeza 3 ' |
Imirongo |
PVC |
Kuruhande |
3/4 'kugeza 1-1 / 2 ' |
Umuyoboro woroshye |
Vinyl |
Kumisha imitwe |
Birahinduka |
Icyitonderwa: Gukoresha ingano iboneye ihagarika kumeneka kandi igakomeza umuvuduko wamazi muri sisitemu.
Umutwe
Imitwe yameneka ihitamo uburyo amazi akwira mumurima. Abahinzi batoranya ubwoko butandukanye kubihingwa byabo nubutaka. Rotary spinkler imitwe irazunguruka kandi itwikiriye ahantu hanini. Bafasha guhagarika amazi gutemba. Imiti itera ingaruka ifite ukuboko kwimuka no gutera amazi kure. Bakora neza kubutaka bubi. Imitwe ya spray ihamye ikora ishusho yabafana kumwanya muto. Micro-sprinkers hamwe nibisohora ibitonyanga bishyira amazi kumuzi. Ibi bizigama amazi kandi bikabuza gukama vuba.
Imashini ya rotary: Nibyiza kumirima minini ndetse no kuvomera.
Ingaruka zimena: Gukomera, guhinduka, no gukora kubutaka bubi.
Imitwe ya spray ihamye: Ibyiza kubice bito cyangwa biciriritse.
Micro-sprinkers hamwe nibisohoka bitonyanga: Tanga amazi neza mumizi mubusitani cyangwa mumirima.
Gutoranya umutwe wibimera bifasha kubika amazi no kurinda ibihingwa umutekano.
Igenzura
Sisitemu yo kuhira igezweho ikoresha igenzura ryubwenge kugirango ubike amazi nigihe. Abagenzuzi bareka abahinzi bagashyira igihe cyo kuvomera no guhindura gahunda yikirere cyangwa ubutaka. Sisitemu zimwe zikoresha sensor kugirango igenzure ubushuhe bwubutaka, amazi atemba, nigitutu. Imirima myinshi ikoresha igenzura rya kure cyangwa porogaramu za terefone kugirango urebe no gucunga amazi aho ariho hose. Igenzura ryubwenge rifasha abahinzi gukora vuba no gukomeza ibihingwa ubuzima bwiza.
Igenzura ryubwenge rishobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ryamazi hejuru ya 40% no kugabanya fagitire yingufu, bigatuma ubuhinzi buba bwiza.
Ubwoko bwo Kuhira
Kuvomera imiti bifite uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvomera imyaka. Abahinzi bahitamo sisitemu ishingiye kumurima wabo, imyaka yabo, nisoko y'amazi. Buri bwoko bufite ibintu byihariye ningingo nziza.
Pivot
Sisitemu ya pivot ya sisitemu izenguruka hagati.
Imiyoboro miremire hamwe na spinkers ifatwa niminara ifite ibiziga.
Moteri yamashanyarazi yimura sisitemu muruziga runini.
Ingano ya Nozzle ihinduka kuva hagati kugeza ku nkombe ndetse n'amazi.
Ubu buryo bushobora kuvomera hegitari 125 imwe.
Biramenyerewe muri Amerika, Ositaraliya, na Berezile.
Kuvomerera hagati ya pivot birakorwa neza, akenshi birenga 85%.
Ifasha guhagarika gutakaza amazi kumuka.
Sisitemu pivot sisitemu ikora neza kumurima munini, uringaniye. Nibyiza kubihingwa nkibigori, soya, ningano.
Kwimuka
Sisitemu yo kwimuka kuruhande, nayo bita umurongo wimuka, jya guhita unyura mumirima. Sisitemu ikoresha umunara wimuka, ntabwo ari ikigo gihamye. Amazi ava mumuyoboro cyangwa umuyoboro munsi yubutaka. Ubu buryo nibyiza kumirima ifite umurongo, nk'intete n'inzuri. Kuvomerera kuruhande bikubiyemo ubutaka burenze pivot yo hagati. Itanga n'amazi mubice byose byumurima. Abahinzi bayikoresha mumirima minini cyangwa ibihingwa bidasanzwe.
Gushiraho
Icyerekezo |
Ibyiza |
Imipaka |
Birakwiriye |
Nibyiza kurinda ubukonje |
Igiciro kinini cyo gutangira |
Igikorwa |
Biroroshye gukoresha, imiyoboro iguma mumwanya |
Imiyoboro irashobora kubona inzira yumurimo wo murima |
Umurimo |
Ntabwo akazi kenshi nyuma yo gushiraho |
Ukeneye akazi kugirango ushireho kandi umanure |
Guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere |
Irashobora gukoresha hamwe n'ifumbire |
Amafaranga yo kuvoma buri mwaka |
Igipfukisho |
Gupfundikira ibiti nubutaka bwimbuto |
Igura hafi $ 3.500 kuri hegitari |
Kuvomerera gukomeye kuvomera gukoresha imiyoboro hamwe na spinkers bitimuka. Abahinzi bakoresha valve kugirango bagenzure buri murongo. Izi sisitemu zizwi cyane mu murima no kurinda ubukonje.
Intoki-Kwimura no Kwimuka
Sisitemu yo kwimura intoki na portable nibyiza kubuto buto cyangwa budasanzwe.
Abahinzi bimura imiyoboro hamwe na spinkers mu ntoki.
Sisitemu igura make gushira.
Bakeneye akazi kenshi, hafi isaha imwe kuri hegitari.
Abahinzi barabikoresha mugihe bagomba kwimura sisitemu cyane cyangwa ntibashobora gukoresha sisitemu ihoraho.
Imbunda nini n'imbunda
Icyitegererezo |
Urwego rutemba (GPM) |
Tera Radius (ibirenge) |
Umuvuduko Ukoresha (PSI) |
Nelson 100 Urutonde runini |
40 - 300 |
90 - 190 |
40 - 110 |
1-1 / 4 'Ingaruka Imbunda Yimvura |
28 - 82 |
62.3 - 95.1 |
30 - 70 |
Sisitemu nini nimbunda yimvura itera amazi menshi kure. Abahinzi bakoresha ibi mumirimo minini, nko kuvomera imirima minini vuba. Ubu buryo nibyiza kubihingwa bikenera amazi menshi.
Gutoranya uburyo bwiza bwo kuhira bifasha abahinzi guha imyaka amazi bakeneye.
Ibyiza n'ibibi
Ibyiza
Kuvomera imiti bifite ingingo nyinshi nziza kumirima. Sisitemu ishyira amazi neza aho ikenewe. Ifasha guhagarika amazi guta igihe cyo guhumeka cyangwa gutemba. Abahinzi barashobora kuvomera imirima minini vuba kandi byoroshye. Ikora kubwoko bwinshi bwibihingwa nuburyo bwubutaka. Kuvomerera kumashanyarazi biroroshye gushiraho no guhinduka. Ihuza imirima mito nini nini.
Uburyo bwo kuhira imyaka butuma abahinzi bagenzura neza ubuhehere bwubutaka kuruta inzira za kera. Ibi bivuze ko ibimera bikura neza kandi abahinzi bakabona imyaka myinshi.
Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu kibaya cy’Ubushinwa bwarebye ingano. Yasanze kuhira imyaka byatumye umusaruro uzamuka kuri 12% kugeza kuri 14% hejuru yo kuhira imyaka. Sisitemu kandi yagabanije gutakaza amazi. Ibi byafashaga ibihingwa gukoresha amazi neza no gukura. Ibikoresho bishya, nkibimera neza hamwe nubutaka bwubutaka, bifasha abahinzi kudakoresha amazi menshi. Ibi bikoresho bizigama amazi kandi bifasha imirima kumara igihe kirekire.
Ibyiza byingenzi birimo:
Amazi akwirakwira mu murima
Ikora kubihingwa byinshi nubwoko bwubutaka
Ukeneye akazi gake kandi biroroshye guhinduka
Bituma ibihingwa bikura neza kandi bifite ubuzima bwiza
Koresha amazi muburyo bwubwenge
Ibibi
Kuvomera imiti nabyo bifite ibibazo bimwe. Umuyaga no guhumeka birashobora gutuma amazi menshi abura, cyane cyane ahantu humye. Kurugero, imbunda nini nimbunda zanyuma zirashobora gutakaza amazi agera kuri 40% kumuyaga no guhumeka. Ibi bivuze ko amazi make agera kubihingwa kandi sisitemu ntikora neza.
Ibihingwa bimwe, nkibiti byimbuto, ntibishobora gufashwa cyane no kuhira imyaka. Ibiti by'ibiti birashobora guhagarika spray. Amazi kumababi arashobora gukama ataragera kubutaka. Niba umuvuduko wamazi cyangwa utumenyetso twa spinkler udashyizweho neza, amazi ntashobora gukwirakwira neza. Amababi yatose nubutaka hagati yumurongo birashobora kandi gutera indwara nyinshi zibyatsi.
Ingaruka |
Ingaruka ku Kuhira |
Gutakaza umuyaga no guhumeka |
Amazi meza |
Gukwirakwiza amazi kutaringaniye |
Ibimera bimwe bibona amazi menshi cyangwa make |
Gukoresha ingufu nyinshi |
Kongera amafaranga yo gukora |
Indwara n'ibyatsi bibi |
Ibihe byiza kubihumyo n'ibyatsi bibi |
Abahinzi bakeneye gutegura neza no kwita kuri sisitemu zabo. Ibi bibafasha gukemura ibyo bibazo no kubona byinshi mu kuhira imyaka.
Guhitamo Sisitemu
Ingano yumurima nubwoko bwibihingwa
Abahinzi bakeneye guhitamo uburyo bwo kumena imashini ijyanye nubutaka bwabo nibihingwa. Imirima mito ikoresha kenshi imashini imwe cyangwa sisitemu ikomeye. Ibi nibyiza kubusitani cyangwa imirima iri munsi ya hegitari 50. Imirima iciriritse irashobora gukoresha sisitemu yimuwe. Aba bareka abahinzi bakimura imiyoboro hamwe na spinkers mukiganza. Imirima minini ifite ubutaka bunini ikoresha pivot yo hagati cyangwa sisitemu yo kwimuka. Sisitemu ikubiyemo ahantu hanini kandi igatwara igihe.
Ubwoko bwibihingwa nabyo bifite akamaro mugihe cyo gutoranya sisitemu. Imirongo myinshi, umurima, nibiti by ibiti bikora neza hamwe no kuhira imyaka. Ibihingwa bimwe, nka salitusi, bikenera spray yoroheje kugirango bidakomeretsa. Sisitemu ya sprinkler ikora neza kubutaka bwumucanga. Barashobora kandi gukora ahahanamye niba imiyoboro ikurikiza imiterere yubutaka.
Inama: Abahinzi bagomba gutekereza kubunini bwumurima nubwoko bwibihingwa mbere yo gutoranya sisitemu.
Guhitamo Sisitemu Rusange kubunini bwumurima:
Gitoya: Imashini imwe-isuka, ikomeye-yashizweho
Hagati: Yimuwe kuruhande
Kinini: Hagati ya pivot, kwimuka kuruhande
Inkomoko y'amazi n'ubuziranenge
Isoko nziza yamazi ningirakamaro kuri gahunda iyo ari yo yose yo kuhira imyaka. Abahinzi bakoresha amariba, inzuzi, ibyuzi, cyangwa amazi y'imvura. Ubwoko nubwiza bwamazi bihindura uburyo sisitemu yubatswe. Amazi meza ahagarika imiyoboro hamwe nudutonyanga imitwe kugirango idahagarikwa. Amazi afite imyunyu myinshi, imyunyu ngugu, cyangwa umwanda birashobora kubabaza ibimera no guhagarika sisitemu.
Abahinzi bagomba gupima amazi kuri:
pH (igomba kuba 5.0–7.0)
Urwego rwumunyu na sodium
Guhagarikwa gukomeye hamwe namabuye y'agaciro
Ibintu byuburozi nka boron cyangwa ibyuma biremereye
Niba amazi adafite isuku, akayunguruzo cyangwa imiti irashobora gukenerwa. Amazi yo mu nsi ahamye yo kuhira. Amazi yo hejuru arashobora gukenera kwitabwaho cyane.
Igiciro no Kubungabunga
Sisitemu yo kumena ibiciro biterwa n'ubwoko n'ubunini. Irashobora kugura kuva $ 1.000 gushika $ 7,000 kuri hegitari kugirango ushireho sisitemu. Kuvomera neza bitwara amafaranga make ariko ntibishobora gukora kubihingwa byose cyangwa imirima minini. Kubungabunga bisobanura kugenzura ibimeneka, koza imitwe yamenetse, no gutunganya ibice byacitse.
Inshingano Zisanzwe zo Kubungabunga:
Kugenzura no guhanagura imitwe ya spinkler
Reba umuvuduko wamazi na valve
Gusana ibimeneka no gusimbuza ibice byangiritse
Sukura muyungurura kugirango amazi atemba
Kwitaho buri gihe bituma sisitemu ikora neza kandi ikabika amafaranga mugihe. Ibikoresho bishya, nkibikoresho byikora hamwe nubutaka bwubutaka, bifasha abahinzi gukoresha amazi neza no gukora imirimo mike.
Icyitonderwa: Abahinzi bagomba gutekereza kubiciro byo gutangira no kuzigama igihe kirekire. Bagomba guhitamo sisitemu ijyanye ningengo yimari yabo nicyo bashobora kwitaho.
Kuhira imyaka bifasha abahinzi kuvomera imyaka nkimvura. Ikoresha pompe, imiyoboro, hamwe na spinkers zitandukanye. Buri gice, nka pompe, indangagaciro, hamwe nudutonyanga imitwe, ni ngombwa. Abahinzi bakeneye kumenya ibi bice kugirango bahitemo sisitemu nziza.
Igice Igice |
Impamvu bifite akamaro ku bahinzi |
Pompe |
Itanga amazi igitutu gihagije |
Umugenzuzi / Igihe |
Shiraho ibihe byo kuvomera kugirango ubike amazi |
Umutwe |
Kwemeza neza ko ibihingwa bibona umubare ukwiye |
Abahinzi bagomba guhitamo sisitemu ijyanye nubunini bwabo. Bakeneye kandi gutekereza ku masoko y’amazi n’amafaranga bafite. Kuvomera imiti bifasha imirima gukoresha amazi make no guhinga imyaka myinshi.
Ibibazo
Ni ibihe bihingwa bikora neza hamwe no kuhira imyaka?
Kuvomera imiti ikora kubwoko bwinshi bwibihingwa. Abahinzi bayikoresha imboga, ibinyampeke, n'ibiti by'imbuto. Nibyiza kubihingwa bikenera amazi gukwirakwira neza. Ibirayi, karoti, igitunguru, ningano bikora neza hamwe na sisitemu.
Ni kangahe abahinzi bagomba gukoresha sisitemu yo kumena?
Abahinzi bakora gahunda yo kuhira bakurikije ibyo ibihingwa bikeneye. Barareba kandi ubutaka nikirere. Ibihingwa byinshi bikenera amazi buri minsi 3 kugeza 7. Ibyuma byubutaka bifasha abahinzi kumenya igihe cyo kuvomera.
Impanuro: Kugenzura ubutaka mbere yo kuvomera bifasha kubika amazi no guhagarika amazi.
Sisitemu yo kumeneka irashobora gukora kubutaka buhanamye cyangwa butaringaniye?
Nibyo, sisitemu ya spinkler irashobora kuvomera imirima idahwanye. Abahinzi bahindura uburyo imiyoboro hamwe na spinkers byashyizweho kugirango bihuze ubutaka. Igenamigambi ryiza rifasha amazi kugera mubice byose byumurima.
Sisitemu zo kumena amazi zangiza amazi?
Sisitemu zo kumena zikoresha amazi muburyo bwubwenge. Bohereza amazi neza kubihingwa kandi bigafasha guhagarika amazi. Gukoresha igenzura ryubwenge no gutunganya sisitemu akenshi bizigama amazi menshi.
Icyitonderwa: Umuyaga nubushyuhe burashobora gutuma amazi abura. Abahinzi bakunze kuvomera kare cyangwa bwije kugirango babike amazi.
