Kumvetsetsa Njira Zothirira Zothirira Pamafamu

Mthirira wothirira pafamu amagwiritsa ntchito mapaipi ndi mitu yopopera kuti apereke madzi ku mbewu, kutengera mvula yachilengedwe. Alimi amadalira ulimi wothirira wothirira madzi kuti agawire madzi mofanana, kuonetsetsa kuti zomera zonse za m’munda zikulandira chinyezi chokwanira. Madzi amapopedwa kudzera m'mipope ndikumasulidwa kuchokera kumutu wa sprinkler ngati madontho abwino. Njira imeneyi imaphimba nthaka pamwamba pa nthaka ndipo imalimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu zabwino. Mafamu ambiri amapindula ndi ulimi wothirira wothirira posunga madzi ochulukirapo ndi 25% poyerekeza ndi njira zina zothirira. Kagwiritsidwe ntchito kothirira kothirira m'mafamu kumasiyana malinga ndi dera, monga momwe zasonyezedwera patebulo ili m'munsili:

Dera/Dziko	Maperesenti a Mafamu Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mthirira Wothirira
Portugal	23.9%
Spain	~15%
Italy	39.4%
Greece	29.4%
United States (US)	Pafupifupi 60% (mtundu waukulu wothirira)

Zofunika Kwambiri

• Kuthirira kowaza kumapereka madzi ngati mvula. Zimathandiza kuti mbewu zikule zolimba. Amagwiritsa ntchito madzi ochepa kusiyana ndi njira zina.

• Dongosololi lili ndi mapampu, mapaipi, ndi mitu yowaza . Mbali zimenezi zimafalitsa madzi mofanana m’minda. Zimagwira ntchito bwino pa dothi zambiri ndi mawonekedwe a nthaka.

• Kutola pampu yoyenera, mapaipi, ndi mitu yowaza ndikofunikira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti dongosolo liziyenda bwino. Zimapulumutsanso madzi ndi mphamvu.

• Pali zosiyana sprinkler mitundu yosiyanasiyana minda ndi mbewu. Alimi asankhe machitidwe olingana ndi malo awo ndi zosowa zawo.

• Kusamalira nthawi zonse ndi kuwongolera mwanzeru kumathandiza alimi kusunga madzi. Amatsitsanso mtengo komanso amasunga mbewu zathanzi nyengo yonse.

Zoyambira Zothirira Zothirira Mafamu

Kodi Kuthirira kwa Sprinkler N'chiyani?

Kuthirira kothirira kumapereka madzi ku mbewu powapopera mumlengalenga, ngati mvula. Mipope ndi mitu yowaza madzi imayala madzi padziko lonse lapansi. Cholinga chake ndikupatsa mbewu madzi okwanira pa nthawi yoyenera. Izi zimathandiza zomera kukula bwino komanso kusunga madzi.

Kuthirira kothirira kumagwira ntchito ku dothi ndi mbewu zambiri. Alimi amaugwiritsa ntchito kuonetsetsa kuti mbali zonse zamunda zimapeza madzi, ngakhale m’mapiri kapena m’malo otsetsereka.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za ulimi wothirira sprinkler ndi:

• Kupangitsa madzi kugwa ngati mvula kuthandiza mbewu.

• Kugwiritsa ntchito mapampu, mapaipi, ndi zowaza kusuntha madzi.

• Kusintha kachitidwe ka dothi losiyanasiyana, mbewu, ndi nyengo.

• Kusunga madzi ndikugwira ntchito m'mafamu amtundu uliwonse.

Kuthirira kothirira kumunda kumathandiza alimi kugwiritsa ntchito madzi bwino komanso kulima mbewu zambiri. Ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa ulimi wothirira wamakono.

Momwe Imagwirira Ntchito

Njira zothirira zothirira zimasuntha madzi kuchokera pachitsime, monga chitsime kapena posungira, kudzera m'mipope. Pampu imakankhira madzi m'mapaipi kupita ku zowaza. Owaza amawaza madzi m'madontho ang'onoang'ono pamwamba pa mbewu ndi nthaka.

Madzi amayenda munjira iyi motere:

• Pampuyo imatenga madzi kuchokera ku gwero ndikupanga kukakamiza.

• Mapaipi akuluakulu ndi achiwiri amasuntha madzi kuchokera pa mpope kupita ku mbali zina, zomwe ndi mapaipi ang'onoang'ono.

• Zotsalira zimabweretsa madzi ku mitu ya sprinkler. Mapaipiwa ndi opepuka komanso osavuta kuyenda.

• Mitu yowaza imasandutsa madzi kukhala madontho ang'onoang'ono ndikuwayala pambewu, ngati mvula.

Chigawo	Udindo mu Mayendedwe a Madzi ndi Kugawa
Pompo	Imakoka madzi kuchokera ku gwero ndikupanga kukakamiza kwa dongosolo.
Mapaipi Aakulu ndi Achiwiri	Tengani madzi kuchokera pa mpope kupita ku lateral, pamwamba kapena pansi pa nthaka.
Laterals	Sungani madzi kuchokera ku mapaipi akuluakulu kupita nawo opopera, ndipo ndi osavuta kuyenda.
Mitu Yowaza	Utsi madzi m'madontho ang'onoang'ono, kuphimba nthaka ndi mbewu mofanana.

Alimi amaganizira zinthu zambiri pokhazikitsa ulimi wothirira madzi. Mtundu ndi malo pakati pa mitu yowaza, kutalika kwake, ndi kuthamanga kwa pampu zonse ndizofunikira ngakhale kufalikira kwamadzi. Mphepo ndi nyengo zimatha kusintha momwe madzi amagwera pamunda. Kukonzekera bwino ndi chisamaliro kumapangitsa kuti dongosolo liziyenda bwino.

Njira zothirira zothirira m'mafamu zimagwiritsa ntchito njirazi kupereka madzi komwe mbewu zimafuna komanso nthawi yomwe mbewu zimafunikira. Izi zimathandiza kuti zomera zikule bwino komanso zimathandiza alimi kugwiritsa ntchito madzi mwanzeru.

Zida Zadongosolo

Pompo ndi Gwero la Madzi

Dongosolo lothirira madzi opopera limafunikira gwero labwino la madzi ndi mpope. Pompo imakoka madzi m'zitsime, mitsinje, kapena madamu. Zimapangitsa kuthamanga kokwanira kuti madzi asunthe. Mapampu a centrifugal amapezeka m'mafamu ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati. Ndizosavuta kukonza ndikugwira ntchito bwino ndi madzi osaya. Mapampu olowera pansi amapita mozama m'zitsime ndipo amakhala zaka zambiri. Pampu za turbine zoyima zimagwiranso ntchito m'zitsime zakuya ndikusuntha madzi ambiri. Mapampu a propeller amasuntha madzi ochulukirapo koma amangowakweza pang'ono. Mathirakitala nthawi zambiri amapangira mapampu awa.

Mtundu wa Pampu	Mlandu Wogwiritsa Ntchito Wodziwika	Mtundu Wofananira wa Mphamvu (GPM)	Zolemba pa Ntchito ndi Gwero la Mphamvu
Centrifugal	Kuthirira udzu, minda yaying'ono mpaka yapakatikati	0 mpaka 5,000	Magetsi, dizilo, petulo, kapena PTO
Submersible	Zitsime zakuya	300 mpaka 5,000+	Galimoto yamagetsi yomizidwa ndi pampu
Pampu ya Jet	Zitsime zozama komanso zozama	M'munsi otaya mphamvu	Zosiyanasiyana, kukonza kwapamwamba
Pampu ya Propeller	Ma voliyumu akulu, mikhalidwe yotsika yokweza	0 mpaka 5,000+	Nthawi zambiri PTO imayendetsedwa
Vertical Turbine	Zitsime zakuya, machitidwe amadzi apamwamba	300 mpaka 5,000+	Multi-siteji impellers, ogwira

Langizo: Kusankha pampu yoyenera kumapangitsa kuti madzi aziyenda bwino komanso kumathandiza kuti makinawo azigwira ntchito bwino.

Mipope ndi Laterals

Mipope ndi m'mbali mwake amasuntha madzi kuchokera pa mpope kupita ku zowaza. Mizere yayikulu, yopangidwa ndi PVC, imanyamula madzi kudutsa famuyo. Mizere yam'mbali imachoka ndikubweretsa madzi pafupi ndi mbewu. Alimi amasankha kukula kwa mapaipi potengera kuchuluka kwa madzi ofunikira. Chitoliro cha 3/4 inchi chimagwira ntchito pa chopopera chimodzi. Chitoliro cha 1-1/2 inchi chingathe kutumikira zowaza katatu. Mapaipi ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito Class 200 PVC chifukwa ndi yamphamvu komanso imakhala nthawi yayitali.

Mtundu wa Chitoliro	Zakuthupi	Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mwachizolowezi	Diameter Range
Main Lines	Zithunzi za PVC	Kugawa kwakukulu	1 mpaka 3'
Lateral Lines	Zithunzi za PVC	Laterals	3/4'mpaka 1-1/2'
Chitoliro chosinthika	Vinyl	Kuwaza mitu	Zosintha

Chidziwitso: Kugwiritsa ntchito kukula kwa chitoliro choyenera kumayimitsa kudontha ndikupangitsa kuti madzi azithamanga m'dongosolo.

Mitu Yowaza

Mitu yowaza imasankha momwe madzi amafalira pamunda. Alimi amasankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu zawo komanso malo awo. Mitu yowaza ya Rotary imazungulira ndikuphimba madera akulu. Amathandiza kuti madzi asamayende. Ma Impact sprinkler ali ndi mkono wosuntha ndi kupopera madzi kutali. Amagwira ntchito bwino pamtunda wamatope. Mitu yopopera yosasunthika imapanga mawonekedwe a fan pamipata yaying'ono. Ma Micro-sprinkler ndi ma drip emitters amayika madzi pamizu pomwe. Izi zimateteza madzi kuti asaume msanga.

• Zothirira mozungulira: Zabwino m'minda yayikulu komanso kuthirira.

• Zokonkha zamphamvu: Zamphamvu, zosinthika, komanso zimagwira ntchito pamalo ovuta.

• Mitu yopopera yokhazikika: Yabwino kwambiri kumadera ang'onoang'ono kapena apakatikati.

• Ma Micro-sprinkler ndi ma drip emitters: Perekani madzi ku mizu m'minda kapena m'minda ya zipatso.

Kutola mutu wowaza bwino kumathandiza kusunga madzi komanso kusunga mbewu motetezeka.

Amawongolera

Njira zamakono zothirira zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zowongolera kuti zisunge madzi ndi nthawi. Olamulira amalola alimi kukhazikitsa nthawi yothirira ndi kusintha ndondomeko ya nyengo kapena nthaka. Makina ena amagwiritsa ntchito masensa kuti ayang'ane chinyezi cha nthaka, kutuluka kwa madzi, ndi kuthamanga. Mafamu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zowongolera zakutali kapena mapulogalamu amafoni kuti awonere ndikuwongolera kuthirira kulikonse. Kuwongolera mwanzeru kumeneku kumathandiza alimi kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu ndikusunga mbewu zathanzi.

Kuwongolera mwanzeru kumatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi 40% ndikuchepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ulimi ukhale wabwino.

Mitundu Yothirira Yothirira

Kuthirira kothirira kuli ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zothirira mbewu. Alimi amasankha njira yotengera munda wawo, mbewu, ndi madzi. Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi mawonekedwe apadera komanso mfundo zabwino.

Pakati Pivot

• Ma pivot apakati amazungulira malo apakati.

• Mapaipi aatali okhala ndi sprinkler amagwiridwa ndi nsanja zokhala ndi mawilo.

• Ma motors amagetsi amasuntha dongosolo mu bwalo lalikulu.

• Kukula kwa nozzles kumasintha kuchokera pakati mpaka m'mphepete mwa madzi.

• Makinawa amatha kuthirira mpaka maekala 125 iliyonse.

• Amapezeka ku United States, Australia, ndi Brazil.

• Kuthirira kwapakati pa pivot ndikothandiza kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kupitirira 85%.

• Imathandiza kuyimitsa kutayika kwa madzi kuchokera ku nthunzi.

Machitidwe apakati a pivot amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pamabwalo akulu, athyathyathya. Ndi abwino kwa mbewu monga chimanga, soya, ndi tirigu.

Lateral Move

Machitidwe osuntha ozungulira, omwe amatchedwanso kuti liniya kusuntha, amapita molunjika m'magawo. Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito nsanja yosuntha, osati malo okhazikika. Madzi amachokera ku ngalande kapena paipi pansi pa nthaka. Njira imeneyi ndi yabwino kwa minda yokhala ndi mizere, monga njere ndi msipu. Kuthirira kosunthika kumakuta malo ambiri kuposa malo ozungulira. Limapereka ngakhale madzi kumadera onse a munda. Alimi amagwiritsa ntchito minda yayikulu kapena mbewu zapadera.

Solid Set

Mbali	Ubwino wake	Zolepheretsa
Kuyenerera	Zabwino kuteteza chisanu	Mtengo woyambira wokwera
Ntchito	Zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, mapaipi amakhalapo	Mipope imatha kusokoneza ntchito yakumunda
Ntchito	Palibe ntchito yochuluka mukakhazikitsa	Amafuna ntchito kukhazikitsa ndi kutsitsa
Kusinthasintha	Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi fertigation	Mtengo wokwera wapachaka wopopa
Kufotokozera	Amaphimba bwino mitengo ndi mitengo yazipatso	Zimawononga pafupifupi $3,500 pa ekala

Mthirira wothirira wokhazikika wokhazikika umagwiritsa ntchito mapaipi ndi zokonkha zomwe sizisuntha. Alimi amagwiritsa ntchito ma valve kuwongolera mzere uliwonse. Machitidwewa ndi otchuka m'minda ya zipatso komanso kuteteza chisanu.

Kusuntha Pamanja ndi Kunyamula

• Makina osuntha ndi manja ndi abwino kwa minda yaying'ono kapena yodabwitsa.

• Alimi amasuntha mapaipi ndi zowaza pamanja.

• Machitidwewa amawononga ndalama zochepa kuti alowemo.

• Amafunikira ntchito yochulukirapo, pafupifupi ola limodzi pa ekala.

• Alimi amawagwiritsa ntchito pamene akuyenera kusuntha dongosolo kwambiri kapena sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo lokhazikika.

Mfuti Yaikulu ndi Mfuti Yamvula

Sprinkler Model	Mayendedwe osiyanasiyana (GPM)	Kuponya Radius (mapazi)	Operating Pressure (PSI)
Nelson 100 Series Big Gun	40-300	90-190	40 - 110
1-1/4 'Mfuti ya Mvula ya Impact	28-82	62.3 - 95.1	30-70

Mfuti zazikulu ndi zida zamfuti zimamwaza madzi ambiri kutali. Alimi amagwiritsa ntchito izi ngati ntchito zazikulu, monga kuthirira minda yayikulu mwachangu. Machitidwewa ndi abwino kwa mbewu zomwe zimafuna madzi ambiri.

Kusankha mtundu wothirira wothirira woyenera kumathandiza alimi kuti apatse mbewu madzi omwe amafunikira.

Ubwino ndi kuipa

Ubwino wake

Kuthirira kothirira kuli ndi zabwino zambiri pamafamu. Dongosololi limayika madzi pomwe akufunikira. Zimathandiza kuti madzi asawonongeke chifukwa cha nthunzi kapena kutuluka. Alimi amatha kuthirira minda yayikulu mwachangu komanso mosavuta. Zimagwira ntchito pamitundu yambiri ya mbewu ndi mawonekedwe a nthaka. Kuthirira kwa sprinkler ndikosavuta kukhazikitsa ndikusintha. Zimakwanira minda yaing'ono ndi yayikulu.

Njira zothirira zothirira zimalola alimi kuwongolera chinyezi m'nthaka kuposa njira zakale. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zomera zimakula bwino ndipo alimi amapeza mbewu zambiri.

Kafukufuku wina ku North China Plain anayang'ana tirigu wachisanu. Idapeza kuti kuthirira kothirira kumapangitsa zokolola kumakwera ndi 12% mpaka 14% kuposa kuthirira pamwamba. Dongosololi limachepetsanso kutaya madzi. Izi zinathandiza mbewu kugwiritsa ntchito madzi bwino komanso kukula mwamphamvu. Zida zatsopano, monga zowaza bwino komanso zowunikira chinyezi m'nthaka, zimathandiza alimi kuti asagwiritse ntchito madzi ochulukirapo. Zida zimenezi zimapulumutsa madzi komanso zimathandiza kuti minda ikhale yaitali.

Ubwino waukulu ndi:

• Madzi amafalikira mofanana pamunda

• Amagwira ntchito ku mbewu zambiri ndi mitundu ya nthaka

• Imafunika ntchito yochepa ndipo ndiyosavuta kusintha

• Imapangitsa kuti mbewu zikule bwino komanso zathanzi

• Amagwiritsa ntchito madzi mwanzeru

Zoipa

Kuthirira kothirira kulinso ndi zovuta zina. Mphepo ndi nthunzi zimatha kupangitsa madzi ambiri kutha, makamaka m'malo owuma. Mwachitsanzo, mfuti zazikulu ndi mfuti za pivot zimatha kutaya madzi okwana 40% chifukwa cha mphepo ndi nthunzi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti madzi ocheperako amafika ku mbewu ndipo dongosolo silimagwiranso ntchito.

Mbewu zina, monga mitengo yazipatso, sizilandira chithandizo chochuluka kuchokera ku ulimi wothirira wothirira. Mitengo yamitengo imatha kutsekereza kutsitsi. Madzi pamasamba amatha kuuma asanafike pansi. Ngati kuthamanga kwa madzi kapena mphuno za sprinkler sizinakhazikitsidwe bwino, madzi sangafalikire mofanana. Masamba onyowa ndi dothi pakati pa mizere zingayambitsenso matenda a zomera ndi udzu.

Kuipa	Zokhudza Kuthirira
Kuwonongeka kwa mphepo ndi evaporation	Kutsika kwamadzi bwino
Kugawa madzi mosagwirizana	Zomera zina zimapeza madzi ochulukirapo kapena ochepa
Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwambiri	Kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama zogwirira ntchito
Matenda ndi ngozi ya udzu	More yabwino zinthu bowa ndi namsongole

Alimi ayenera kukonzekera bwino ndikusamalira machitidwe awo. Izi zimawathandiza kukonza mavutowa ndikupeza zambiri kuchokera ku ulimi wothirira wothirira.

Kusankha Sprinkler System

Kukula Kwa Famu ndi Mtundu Wokolola

Alimi ayenera kusankha makina owaza omwe amagwirizana ndi kukula kwa nthaka ndi mbewu zawo. Mafamu ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito makina opopera kapena okhazikika. Izi ndi zabwino m'minda kapena minda yaying'ono kuposa maekala 50. Mafamu apakatikati atha kugwiritsa ntchito makina osunthika. Izi zimalola alimi kusuntha mapaipi ndi zowaza pamanja. Mafamu akuluakulu okhala ndi malo athyathyathya nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma pivot apakati kapena ozungulira. Machitidwewa amakhudza madera akuluakulu ndikusunga nthawi.

Mtundu wa mbewu umafunikanso posankha dongosolo. Mbewu zambiri zam'mizere, zam'munda, ndi mitengo zimachita bwino ndi ulimi wothirira. Mbewu zina, monga letesi, zimafunika kupopera mofatsa kuti zisavulale. Makina opopera madzi amagwira ntchito bwino pa dothi lamchenga. Angathenso kugwira ntchito m'malo otsetsereka ngati mipope ikutsatira momwe nthaka ilili.

Langizo: Alimi ayenera kuganizira za kukula kwa famu ndi mtundu wa mbewu asanasankhe njira.

Zosankha Zofanana Zofanana ndi Kukula Kwa Famu:

• Kang'ono: Chowazira chimodzi, chokhazikika

• Chapakati: Chosunthika chakumbali

• Chachikulu: Pivot yapakati, kusuntha kumbuyo

Gwero la Madzi ndi Ubwino

Madzi abwino ndi ofunika pa ulimi uliwonse wothirira mbewu. Alimi amagwiritsa ntchito zitsime, mitsinje, maiwe, kapena madzi amvula. Mtundu ndi ubwino wa madzi amasintha momwe dongosolo limapangidwira. Madzi oyera amaletsa mipope komanso mitu yowaza madzi kuti isatsekeke. Madzi okhala ndi mchere wambiri, mchere, kapena dothi amatha kuvulaza mbewu ndikulepheretsa dongosolo.

Alimi ayese madzi:

• pH (iyenera kukhala 5.0-7.0)

• Kuchuluka kwa sodium ndi mchere

• Zoyimitsidwa zolimba ndi mchere

• Zinthu zoopsa monga boron kapena heavy metal

Ngati madzi sali aukhondo, pangafunike zosefera kapena mankhwala. Madzi apansi panthaka ndi okhazikika othirira. Madzi apamtunda angafunike chisamaliro chochulukirapo.

Mtengo ndi Kusamalira

Mitengo ya sprinkler system imadalira mtundu ndi kukula kwake. Zitha kutenga $ 1,000 mpaka $ 7,000 pa ekala kuti muyike dongosolo. Kuthirira kwadontho kumawononga ndalama zochepa koma sikungagwire ntchito ku mbewu zonse kapena minda yayikulu. Kukonza kumatanthauza kuyang'ana ngati pali kudontha, kuyeretsa mitu ya zowazira, ndi kukonza ziwalo zosweka.

Ntchito Zokhazikika Zokhazikika:

• Yang'anani ndi kuyeretsa mitu ya sprinkler

• Yang'anani kuthamanga kwa madzi ndi ma valve

• Konzani zotulukapo ndikusintha zida zowonongeka

• Yeretsani zosefera kuti madzi aziyenda

Kusamalira nthawi zonse kumapangitsa kuti dongosolo liziyenda bwino ndikusunga ndalama pakapita nthawi. Zida zatsopano, monga zowongolera zokha ndi zowunikira nthaka, zimathandiza alimi kugwiritsa ntchito madzi bwino komanso kugwira ntchito yochepa.

Chidziwitso: Alimi akuyenera kuganizira za mtengo woyambira komanso kusunga nthawi yayitali. Ayenera kusankha dongosolo lomwe likugwirizana ndi bajeti yawo komanso zomwe angasamalire.

Kuthirira kothirira kumathandiza alimi kuthirira mbewu monga mvula. Amagwiritsa ntchito mapampu, mapaipi, ndi zowazira zosiyanasiyana. Chigawo chilichonse, monga mapampu, mavavu, ndi mitu yakuwaza, ndizofunikira. Alimi ayenera kudziwa za magawowa kuti asankhe njira yabwino kwambiri.

Gawo la System	Chifukwa Chake Kuli Kofunika Kwa Alimi
Pompo	Amapereka madzi okwanira
Controller/Timer	Amakhazikitsa nthawi yothirira kuti asunge madzi
Mitu Yowaza	Imawonetsetsa kuti mbewu zapeza kuchuluka koyenera

Alimi asankhe dongosolo lomwe likugwirizana ndi kukula kwa munda wawo. Ayeneranso kuganizira za gwero lawo la madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe ali nazo. Kuthirira kothirira kumathandiza minda kuti isagwiritse ntchito madzi ochepa komanso kulima mbewu zambiri.

FAQ

Ndi mbewu ziti zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino ndi kuthirira kothirira?

Kuthirira kothirira kumagwira ntchito ku mbewu zamitundumitundu. Alimi amaugwiritsa ntchito ngati ndiwo zamasamba, mbewu, ndi mitengo yazipatso. Ndi yabwino kwa mbewu zomwe zimafuna madzi otambasulidwa mofanana. Mbatata, kaloti, anyezi, ndi tirigu amachita bwino ndi dongosololi.

Kodi alimi ayenera kuyendetsa makina okonkha kangati?

Alimi amapanga ndondomeko za kuthirira potengera zomwe mbewu zimafunikira. Amayang’ananso nthaka ndi nyengo. Mbewu zambiri zimafuna madzi masiku atatu mpaka 7 aliwonse. Zodziwira chinyezi m'nthaka zimathandiza alimi kudziwa nthawi yothirira.

Langizo: Kuyang'ana nthaka musanathiritse kumathandiza kuti madzi asawonongeke komanso kusiya kuthirira.

Kodi makina okonkha amatha kugwira ntchito pamalo otsetsereka kapena osafanana?

Inde, makina opopera amatha kuthirira minda yomwe si yafulati. Alimi amasintha momwe mipope ndi zowaza zimapangidwira kuti zigwirizane ndi nthaka. Kukonzekera bwino kumathandiza kuti madzi afike mbali zonse za munda.

Kodi makina opopera amawononga madzi?

Makina opaka madzi amagwiritsa ntchito madzi mwanzeru. Amatumiza madzi ku mbewu ndikuthandizira kuletsa kusefukira. Kugwiritsa ntchito zowongolera mwanzeru ndikukonza dongosolo nthawi zambiri kumapulumutsa madzi ochulukirapo.

Chidziwitso: Mphepo ndi nyengo yotentha zimatha kuchititsa madzi kutha. Nthawi zambiri alimi amathirira madzi mofulumira kapena mochedwa kuti asunge madzi.