Ubuhinzi bwatsi kandi busobanutse neza. Abahinzi ubu bifuza gutera imiti itanga gutera neza, kurwanya udukoko twangiza no kwanduza bike - ntabwo ari imiti yica udukoko gusa. Nkumushinga utanga imiti, RebaSa ko tekinoroji isobanutse yongera imiti yica udukoko, umusaruro wibihingwa, ninyungu. Aka gatabo gasangiye ibisubizo byubuhinzi bwatsi.

Ni ukubera iki Gutera neza hamwe nubuhinzi bwubuhinzi ari ngombwa?

Mubikorwa gakondo, 'gutera imyuzure ' gutera ni ibisanzwe. Ubu buryo buganisha ku bunini butonyanga hamwe no gutera imiti itagenzuwe, bikaviramo imyanda yica udukoko.

Ibi ntabwo byongera amafaranga yubuhinzi gusa ahubwo birashobora no guteza umwanda wubutaka, eutrophasi yamazi, ndetse na phytotoxicity y ibihingwa. Ku bahinzi-borozi nini n'abashinzwe ubuhinzi bw'imiryango, gutera neza bitanga indangagaciro eshatu zingenzi:

• Kugabanya ibiciro & Kunoza imikorere : Kugenzura neza umubare watewe no gutera bishobora kongera igipimo cyo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko hejuru ya 30%, kugabanya cyane kugura imiti yica udukoko, kugabanya inshuro nyinshi, no kongera imikorere.

• Kuzamura ubuziranenge & Kurinda ibihingwa : Irinde phytotoxicity iterwa nigitonyanga kinini no gutakaza drift iterwa nigitonyanga gito, kwemeza ko ahantu hagenewe hamwe n’umuti wica udukoko, kunoza ingaruka z’udukoko n’indwara, no kwemeza ubwiza bw’ibihingwa.

• Kubungabunga ibidukikije : Kugabanya ibisigazwa by’udukoko twangiza n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kubahiriza gahunda y’isi yose 'kugabanya imiti yica udukoko ', kugabanya ingaruka zo kubahiriza, no koroshya ibyemezo by’ubuhinzi bibisi.

Ubuhanga bwo gusasa neza

Urufunguzo ruri muri tekinoroji eshatu zingenzi: kugenzura ibitonyanga, guhitamo umwanya, hamwe no gutera igipimo gihindagurika.

1. Kurwanya Ibitonyanga: Hitamo Ingano Iburyo Ingano yo Kurwanya Udukoko

Ingano yigitonyanga muri imiti itera ubuhinzi igira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye kwangiza imiti yica udukoko, kwinjira, hamwe ningaruka zo gutembera. Kubisubizo byiza, hitamo imiti yubuhinzi ikwiranye n ibihingwa nudukoko dutandukanye, hanyuma ubihuze nibisobanuro bitonyanga.

Ubwoko bw'igitonyanga	Ingano yubunini (μm)	Guhuza Nozzle	Ikoreshwa	Inyungu Zibanze
Ibitonyanga byiza	50-150	Nozzle nziza	Imboga za pariki, ibihingwa byatewe, kurwanya aphid	Gukwirakwiza kimwe, gukomera cyane, dosiye nke
Ibitonyanga Hagati	150-300	Umufana usanzwe Nozzle	Ibihingwa byo mu murima (ibigori, ingano), kurwanya indwara zisanzwe	Kuringaniza kuringaniza no kwinjira, gukora neza
Ibitonyanga bito	300-500	Guhindura ibicu bitobito Nozzle	Ibiti birebire byimbuto, ibihingwa byimeza, kurwanya udukoko twangiza, gufumbira amababi	Kwinjira cyane, gutembera gake, bikwiranye nibihingwa bigoye

Inama zinyongera: Imashanyarazi na moteri birashobora guhindura neza igitutu ukoresheje knobs; intoki zikoresha intoki zigomba kugenzura inshuro zikanda kugirango wirinde ibitonyanga bitaringanijwe biterwa nihindagurika ryumuvuduko.Birasabwa guha ibikoresho byinjira-urwego rwibipimo byapimwe kugirango bipime buri gihe ingaruka ziterwa.

Ikibazo gifatika : Umuhinzi wimboga wicyatsi yahisemo igihu cyiza (50-150 μ m ibitonyanga) kugirango agenzure aphide, ahindura umuvuduko wamashanyarazi kuri bar 1.5, hanyuma atera kimwe mumwanya wa cm 30 hagati yimbuto nimboga. Ugereranije no gutera imiti gakondo, imiti yica udukoko yagabanutseho 25%, igipimo cyo kurwanya aphide cyiyongereye kugera kuri 92%, kandi nta mwanda w’ubutaka watewe no kwangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko.

2.

Intandaro yumwanya ugamije ni ukugabanya 'gutera imiti idatewe ', kwibanda ku muti wica udukoko ahantu h’udukoko n’indwara, no kwirinda imyanda n’umwanda. Dore uburyo 4 bwingenzi bwo gushyira mubikorwa:

• Hindura Inguni ya Nozzle : Huza inguni ukurikije ibihingwa bya morfologiya. Mugihe utera ibihingwa byabibwe kumurongo (nk'ingano), hindura kuri 45 ° kugirango ugere kumurongo; mugihe utera ibiti byimbuto, koresha uruziga rugari kugirango utere imbere kugirango urebe neza amashami ninyuma yibibabi.

• Shyiramo Igipfukisho Cyerekezo : Kubihingwa byinshi (nk'imboga rwatsi), shyiramo igifuniko cyerekezo kugirango ugabanye ibitonyanga kandi wirinde gutera ku bihingwa byegeranye cyangwa ku butaka.

• Kugenzura Intera Intera : Komeza nozzle cm 30-50 uvuye ahabigenewe. Gufunga cyane birashoboka gutera imiti yica udukoko hamwe na phytotoxicity; kure cyane bizaganisha ku gutonyanga gukabije.

• Kumenyera ibyiciro byo gukura : Emera gutera umwanya muto hamwe nubunini buke bwo gutera mugihe cyingemwe, umwanya wo hagati hamwe no gutera icyarimwe mugihe gikuze, hamwe no gutera hejuru kandi neza mbere yo gusarura.

3. Gutandukanya Ibiciro Bitandukanye: Hindura kubisabwa, Wange Gutera Uniform

Gutera ibipimo bitandukanye bisobanura guhindura umubare watewe ukurikije ubukana bw udukoko nindwara hamwe niterambere ryibihingwa mubibanza bitandukanye. Imiti isanzwe irashobora kubigeraho hakoreshejwe uburyo bworoshye bukurikira:

• Kumenyekanisha Ibice : Banza ugenzure ikibanza, ugabanye uduce ukurikije ubukana bw’udukoko n'indwara, kandi ushireho ibimenyetso byerekana ikigega cyica udukoko. Ongera muburyo bukwiye amafaranga yo gutera ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa cyane (kutarenga imipaka yo hejuru yigitabo) hanyuma ugabanye dosiye mubice byibasiwe gato.

• Amabwiriza agenga urujya n'uruza : Hitamo imiti itera moteri / moteri ifite igenzura, kandi ugenzure umubare watewe kuri hegitari ukoresheje knobs. Kurugero, ibihingwa bisanzwe byumurima bisaba 225-450 L / ha; iyo udukoko n'indwara bikabije, birashobora guhinduka kuri 450-675 L / ha (birasabwa guhuza nozzles bihuye).

• Huza nibikoresho byoroheje byubwenge : Abahinzi-borozi nini barashobora gukoresha ibikoresho byibanze byo kugenzura imirima (nkumutego w’udukoko, metero yubutaka bwubutaka) kugirango bamenye igihe cyo gutera hamwe na dosiye, birinde gutera buhumyi.

Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije

Guhinga icyatsi ntibisaba gusa gutera neza ahubwo binasaba kugenzura ibidukikije mugihe cyose cyo gutera. Ihuriro ryose kuva guhitamo imiti yica udukoko, ibikorwa byo gutera imiti no gutunganya imyanda irashobora kugabanya umwanda hamwe ningaruka nke.

1. Kugenzura Imbere-Impera: Guhitamo imiti yica udukoko kugirango ugabanye umwanda ku isoko

• Shyira imbere imiti yica udukoko twangiza nuburozi buke, imiti yica udukoko dusigaranye; irinde gukoresha uburozi bukabije kandi bugoye-kwangiza imiti yica udukoko kugirango ugabanye ubutaka n’amazi.

• Koresha imiti yangiza ibidukikije (nka silicone yunganira) kugirango utezimbere kandi winjire, ugabanye imiti yica udukoko, kandi wirinde kwangiza imyaka nibidukikije.

• Kurikiza byimazeyo igitabo cyica udukoko kugirango ugereranye; ntukongere uko wishakiye kugirango wirinde ibisigisigi bikabije.

2. Kugenzura inzira: Igikorwa gisanzwe cyo gukumira imiti yica udukoko

• Hitamo igihe gikwiye cyo gukora: Irinde gutera kumunsi wumuyaga (umuvuduko wumuyaga urenga 3 m / s), iminsi yubushyuhe bwinshi (ubushyuhe burenga 30 ℃), cyangwa iminsi yimvura. Ku minsi yubushyuhe bwinshi, shyira mugitondo cyangwa nimugoroba kugirango utezimbere kandi ugabanye guhindagurika.

• Kugenzura imikorere ya kashe: Mbere yo gukora, genzura ikigega cyica udukoko, imiyoboro, nozz, hamwe na kashe kugirango hatabaho kumeneka kandi wirinde kwanduza ubutaka biterwa no gutonyanga imiti yica udukoko.

• Irinde kwanduzanya: Sukura neza spray mugihe uhindura imiti yica udukoko. Kwoza amazi meza inshuro zirenga 3 ubanza; koresha ibidafite aho bihuriye kugirango usukure imiti yica udukoko twangiza aside / alkaline, hanyuma wongere woge n'amazi meza.

3. Kuvura Inyuma-Kuvura: Kujugunya neza imyanda, Nta guta bisanzwe

• Kuvura imyanda: Ntugatererane umuti wica udukoko twangiza udukoko. Irashobora kuvangwa kugirango itere udukoko twangiza udukoko n'indwara cyangwa ikoherezwa ahantu hagenewe kuvurirwa hamwe.

• Umuti wo gupakira: Kwoza amacupa yica udukoko / imifuka inshuro zirenze 3, ubikusanyirize kandi ubishyikirize ahantu hasubirwamo; ntugatererane cyangwa ngo utwike.

• Kwoza amazi mabi: Kuyobora amazi mabi kugirango asukure spray mu mwobo w’amazi yo mu murima cyangwa ibidendezi bitunganya, wirinde gutembera mu nzuzi, mu byuzi, no mu yandi mazi.

Ibibazo

1.Ni gute wahitamo imiti ikwiye yo guhinga kugirango itere neza?

Igomba guhuzwa ukurikije igipimo cyo gutera hamwe nubutaka: kubice bito (munsi ya hegitari 0.3), gutera intoki hamwe na nozzles zishobora guhendwa; kubuhinzi buciriritse (hegitari 0.3-3), gutera amashanyarazi hamwe numuvuduko wa digitale no kugenzura imigezi birasabwa ingaruka zifatika; kubice binini cyangwa ahantu hanini (hegitari zirenga 3), imashini itera moteri ifite umuvuduko mwinshi mugari wa nozzles zirasabwa kunoza imikorere. Wibande kumikorere yibanze nko guhinduranya igitutu no guhuza nozzle kugirango urebe ko yujuje igenzura ryibitonyanga hamwe nibisabwa kugirango uhagarike neza.

2. Gutera neza bizongera amafaranga yo guhinga?

Oya, ahubwo bizagabanya ibiciro byigihe kirekire. Gutera neza birashobora kongera igipimo cyo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko hejuru ya 30%, bikagabanya amafaranga yo kugura imiti yica udukoko; imiti isanzwe ikenera gusa kuzamura ibiciro bidahenze (nka nozzles ishobora guhindurwa $ 1.5- $ 4.5, igifuniko cyerekana $ 3- $ 8) kugirango igere kumiti yibanze, bidakenewe ibikoresho bihenze cyane; kugabanya re-spray inshuro nayo izigama amafaranga yumurimo.

3. Ni kangahe gutera neza hamwe nudukoko twangiza ubuhinzi byongera igipimo cyo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko?

Gutera neza hamwe nibitera ubuhinzi birashobora kongera igipimo cyo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko hejuru ya 30%. Ni ukubera ko ishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga ryibanze nko kugenzura ibitonyanga no gushyira ahantu hateganijwe gutera imiti y’ubuhinzi, kwirinda imyanda yica udukoko iterwa no gutera imiti gakondo '' imyuzure. ' Kurugero, spray yamashanyarazi hamwe no kugenzura imigendekere irashobora gukomeza gushimangira igipimo cyimikoreshereze muguhindura neza dosiye kuri hegitari; niyo gutera intoki zisanzwe zirashobora kuzamura neza igipimo cyo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko nyuma yo gutezimbere nozzle hamwe nibikorwa bisanzwe.

Umwanzuro

Gutera neza ntabwo byihariye kubahinzi-borozi benshi; abahinzi bose barashobora kubigeraho. Binyuze mu guhitamo neza, kuzamura ibikoresho, hamwe nibikorwa bisanzwe, intego zo gutera neza, kugabanya dosiye, kongera imikorere, no kurengera ibidukikije bishobora kugerwaho. Kuva kugenzura ibitonyanga kugeza gutunganya imyanda, gucunga neza imiyoboro yose nurufunguzo rwo kuzamura inyungu zubuhinzi no gukora ubuhinzi bwatsi.RebaSa kabuhariwe muri R&D no gukora imiti itera imiti. Imashini zikoresha intoki, amashanyarazi, na moteri byose birakwiriye gukenera neza kandi birashobora gutanga ibisubizo byabigenewe muburyo butandukanye bwo guhinga. Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kubyerekeye ibikoresho byo gutera imiti neza hamwe nikoranabuhanga bikwiranye nibyo ukeneye, urakaza neza gusura urubuga rwemewe cyangwa ukatwandikira, hanyuma ukareka ibikoresho byikoranabuhanga hamwe nikoranabuhanga bigaha imbaraga ubuhinzi bwawe bwatsi.