Ulimo oluluhlaza kunye nokuchaneka luyinto eqhelekileyo. Abalimi ngoku bafuna izitshizi ezizisa ukutshiza okuchanekileyo, ulawulo lwezinambuzane olusebenzayo kunye nongcoliseko oluncinci - hayi nje usetyenziso olusisiseko lwesitshabalalisi. Njengomvelisi wesitshizi sobuchule, I-SeeSa ukuba itekhnoloji yokuchaneka ikhulisa ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali zinambuzane ngokufanelekileyo, isivuno sezityalo, kunye nengeniso. Esi sikhokelo sabelana ngezisombululo zokulima okuluhlaza.

Kutheni Kubalulekile Ukutshiza Ngokuchanekileyo Ngezitshizi zezoLimo ?

Kwimisebenzi yesiNtu, ukutshiza 'kwindlela yesikhukula' kuxhaphakile. Le ndlela ikhokelela kubungakanani obungalinganiyo bamathontsi kunye noluhlu lokutshiza olungalawulekiyo, okukhokelela kwinkunkuma eyingozi yezitshabalalisi.

Oku akukonyusi iindleko zokufama kuphela kodwa kunokubangela ungcoliseko lomhlaba, i-eutrophication yamanzi, kunye ne-phytotoxicity yezityalo. Kubalimi abakhulu kunye nabasebenzi basefama zosapho, ukutshiza ngokuchanekileyo kubonelela ngemilinganiselo emithathu engundoqo:

• UkuNcitshiswa kweendleko kunye nokuPhuculwa koLungelo : Ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo isixa sokutshizwa kunye noluhlu kunokunyusa izinga lokusetyenziswa kwezitshabalalisi ngaphezu kwe-30%, ukunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokuthenga izitshabalalisi, ukuhla ukuphinda kutshizwe, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.

• Ukomelezwa koMgangatho kunye noKhuseleko lweZityalo : Kuphephe i-phytotoxicity ebangelwa ngamathontsi amakhulu kunye nelahleko yokukhukuliseka okubangelwa ngamathontsi amancinci, qinisekisa ukugquma okufanayo kwendawo ekujoliswe kuyo ngesisombululo sokubulala izitshabalalisi, ukuphucula iziphumo zokulawula izinambuzane nezifo, kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wesityalo.

• Ukuthotyelwa kokusiNgqongileyo : Ukucutha iintsalela zezitshabalalisi kunye nokukhutshwayo, ukuthobela inyathelo lehlabathi 'lokunciphisa izitshabalalisi', imingcipheko ephantsi yokuthotyelwa, nokuququzelela isiqinisekiso semveliso yezolimo eluhlaza.

Iindlela ezichanekileyo zokutshiza

Undoqo ulele kwiiteknoloji ezintathu ezingundoqo: ukulawula amathontsi, indawo ekujoliswe kuyo, kunye nokutshiza kwesantya esiguquguqukayo.

1. Ulawulo lweDroplet: Khetha ubungakanani beNcam eLungileyo kuLawulo lweZitshabalalisi olusebenzayo

Ubungakanani bethontsi phakathi izitshizi zezolimo zinempembelelo ngokuthe ngqo ukunamathela kwi-pesticide, ukungena, kunye nomngcipheko wokukhukuliseka. Ukufumana iziphumo ezizezona zilungileyo, khetha izitshizi zezolimo ezifanele izityalo kunye nezinambuzane ezonakalisa izityalo, kwaye uzidibanise neenkcukacha zamathontsi ahambelanayo.

Uhlobo lweDroplet	Uluhlu lobungakanani beNcam (μm)	Ukuthelekisa uMlomo	Iimeko eziSebenzayo	Iingenelo ezingundoqo
Amathontsi amahle	50-150	I-Conical Fine Mist Nozzle	Imifuno ye-Greenhouse, izityalo zezithole, ukulawula i-aphid	Ukugubungela okufanayo, ukunamathela olomeleleyo, idosi ephantsi
Amathontsi aphakathi	150-300	Fan Standard Nozzle	Izityalo zasemasimini (umbona, ingqolowa), ulawulo lwezifo oluqhelekileyo	Ukugubungela okulinganayo kunye nokungena, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo
Amathontsi arhabaxa	300-500	INozzle yeNkungu eHluhlayo eLungisayo	Imithi yeziqhamo emide, izityalo ezinesiqu esiphezulu, ulawulo lwezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo phantsi komhlaba, ukuchumisa kwamagqabi	Ukungena olomeleleyo, ukukhukuliseka okuphantsi, kulungele iikhenopi zezityalo ezintsonkothileyo

Iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo: Izitshizi zombane nezemoto zinokuhlengahlengisa ngokuchanekileyo uxinzelelo ngamaqhina; izitshizi ezenziwa ngesandla kufuneka zilawule ukucofa rhoqo ukunqanda amathontsi angalinganiyo okubangwa kukutshintshatshintsha koxinzelelo. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuxhotyiswe isixhobo sokulinganisa ubungakanani bamathontsi enqanaba lokungenela ukulinganisa rhoqo iziphumo zokutshiza.

Ityala eliSebenzayo leSicelo : Umlimi wemifuno ye-greenhouse wakhetha i-conical inkungu ecolekileyo (amathontsi angama-50-150 μm) ukulawula iintwala, uhlengahlengiso loxinzelelo lwesitshizi sombane ukuya kwi-1.5 bar, kwaye utshizwe ngokulinganayo kumgama wama-30 cm phakathi kombhobho kunye nezithole zemifuno. Xa kuthelekiswa nokutshizwa okubanzi kwemveli, idosi yezibulali zinambuzane yehliswa ngama-25%, izinga lolawulo lwentwala linyuswe laya kutsho kuma-92%, kwaye akuzange kubekho lungcoliseko lomhlaba olubangelwa kukukhukuliseka kwamayeza ezinambuzane.

2. INdawo ekuJoliswe kuyo: Ngokuchanekileyo iNjongo kwizitshabalalisi kunye neZigulo ukuNciphisa iNkunkuma yezibulali zinambuzane.

Undoqo wokubekwa ekujoliswe kuwo kukunciphisa 'ukutshiza okungajoliswanga', kugxininise kwisisombululo sesibulali-zinambuzane kwiindawo ezichatshazelwe zizinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo nezifo, kunye nokuphepha inkunkuma kunye nongcoliseko. Nazi iindlela ezi-4 eziphambili zokuphumeza:

• Lungisa i-engile yoMlomo : Tshatisa i-engile ngokwemo yezityalo. Xa utshiza izityalo ezityalwe kumqolo (ezifana nengqolowa), hlengahlengisa ukuya kuma-45° ukujolisa kwimiqolo; xa utshiza imithi yeziqhamo, sebenzisa umbhobho obanzi ukutshiza ukusuka ngaphakathi ngaphandle ukuqinisekisa ukugquma kwamasebe kunye nomqolo wamagqabi.

• Fakela i-Directional Cover : Kwizityalo ezishinyeneyo (ezifana nemifuno ye-greenhouse), fakela isigqubuthelo esibhekisa kwicala ukunqanda ukusasazeka kwamathontsi kwaye uphephe ukutshiza kwizityalo ezikufutshane okanye umhlaba.

• Lawula umgama wokutshiza : Gcina umlomo umgama oyi-30-50 cm ukusuka kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo. Ukusondela kakhulu kunokubangela ukuqokelelana kwe-pesticide kunye ne-phytotoxicity; ukude kakhulu kuya kukhokelela ekukhukulisekeni kwamathontsi.

• Ziqhelanise naManqanaba okukhula : Ukutshiza kwindawo ephantsi kunye nesezantsi kwinqanaba lokugalela, ukutshiza okuphakathi kunye nokufanayo kwinqanaba lokuvuthwa, kunye nokutshiza kwindawo ephezulu kunye ngokuchanekileyo phambi kokuvuna.

3. Ukutshiza ngexabiso eliguquguqukayo: Lungisa kwiMfuno, ukwala ukutshiza okufanayo

Ukutshiza okuguquguqukayo kuthetha ukulungelelanisa isixa sokutshiza ngokobuzaza bezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo nezifo kunye neemeko zokukhula kwesityalo kwiziza ezahlukeneyo. Izitshizi eziqhelekileyo zinokufikelela oku ngokusebenzisa ezi ndlela zilandelayo zilula:

• Ukuphawulwa kweCandelo : Jonga iploti kwangaphambili, yahlula imimandla ngokobuzaza bezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo kunye nezifo, kwaye wenze imiqondiso yesikali kwitanki yezitshabalalisi. Yandisa ngokufanelekileyo isixa sokutshiza kwiindawo ezichaphazeleke kakhulu (ungagqithi kumda ophezulu wencwadana) kwaye unciphise idosi kwiindawo ezichaphazeleke kancinci.

• Ummiselo wokuHambisa : Khetha izitshizi zombane/zemoto ezinolawulo lokuhamba, kwaye ulawule isixa sokutshiza ngehektare nganye ngamaqhina. Ngokomzekelo, izityalo zentsimi eziqhelekileyo zifuna i-225-450 L / ha; xa izinambuzane kunye nezifo zinzima, zinokuhlengahlengiswa kwi-450-675 L / ha (i-nozzles ehambelanayo ehambelanayo iyafuneka).

• Tshatisa kunye neZixhobo eziLula ezikrelekrele : Abalimi abakhulu banokusebenzisa izixhobo ezisisiseko zokubeka iliso emasimini (ezifana nezirhintyela izinambuzane, iimitha zokufuma emhlabeni) ukumisela ixesha lokutshiza kunye nethamo, ukuphepha ukutshiza ngokungaboniyo.

Ukutshiza nge-Eco-Friendly

Ukulima ngokuluhlaza akufuni kuphela ukutshiza ngokuchanekileyo kodwa nolawulo olubanzi lokusingqongileyo kulo lonke ixesha lokutshiza. Lonke ikhonkco elisuka ekukhetheni amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi, umsebenzi wokutshiza ukumosha unyango lolwelo unokunciphisa ungcoliseko kunye neengozi ezisezantsi.

1. Ulawulo lwangaphambili: UKhetho lweNzululwazi yesitshabalalisi sokuNciphisa ungcoliseko kuMthombo

• Ukubeka phambili izitshabalalisi zebhayoloji kunye netyhefu ephantsi, izibulali-zinambuzane ezishiyekileyo; kuphephe ukusebenzisa izibulali zinambuzane ezinetyhefu kakhulu kwaye ekunzima ukuzithoba ukunciphisa ungcoliseko lomhlaba namanzi.

• Sebenzisa i-eco-friendly adjuvants (ezifana ne-silicone adjuvants) ukuphucula ukuncamathelisa nokungena, ukunciphisa idosi yesibulali-zinambuzane, kunye nokuphepha ubungozi kwizityalo kunye nokusingqongileyo.

• Landela ngokungqongqo incwadi yezibulali zinambuzane ukuze ulungelelanise; musa ukunyusa ugxininiso ngokungenamkhethe ukukhusela iintsalela ezigqithisileyo kunye nokukhutshwa.

2. Ulawulo Lwenkqubo: Ukusebenza okusemgangathweni ukuThintela ukuvuza kwezibulali-zinambuzane

• Khetha iXesha eliLungileyo lokuSebenza: Kuphephe ukutshiza ngeentsuku ezinomoya (isantya somoya esingaphaya kwe-3 m/s), iintsuku zobushushu obuphezulu (ubushushu obungaphezu kwama-30℃), okanye iintsuku ezinemvula. Ngeentsuku zobushushu obuphezulu, fafaza kusasa okanye ngokuhlwa ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa ukuguquguquka.

• Qwalasela Ukusebenza Kokutywina: Phambi kokuba usebenze, jonga itanki yezitshabalalisi, imibhobho, imilomo, kunye nezitywino ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kuvuza kwaye uthintele ukungcoliseka komhlaba okubangelwa kukuthontsiza kwezibulali-zinambuzane.

• Kuphephe ukungcoliseka: Sicoce ngocoselelo isitshizi xa utshintsha izibulali-zinambuzane. Hlamba ngamanzi acocekileyo ngaphezu kwamaxesha ama-3 kuqala; sebenzisa i-neutraizers ehambelanayo ukucoca i-acidic / alkaline pesticides, kwaye ekugqibeleni uhlambulule ngamanzi acocekileyo kwakhona.

3. Unyango lwangasemva: Ukulahlwa ngokufanelekileyo kweNkunkuma, Akukho ukulahla ngokungaqhelekanga

• Unyango lolwelo lweNkunkuma: Musa ukulahla ngokungacwangciswanga isisombululo sesibulali-zinambuzane esiseleyo. Inokuhlanjululwa ukutshiza okongeziweyo kwezinambuzane kunye nezifo ezihambelanayo okanye ithunyelwe kwiindawo ezichongiweyo kunyango oluphakathi.

• Unyango lokuPakisha: Hlanza iibhotile/iingxowa zesitshabalalisi ngaphezu kwamaxesha ama-3, uziqokelele uze uzinikezele kwiindawo zokurisayikilisha ezisemthethweni; musa ukulahla ngokungenamkhethe okanye utshise.

• Ukucoca Amanzi amdaka: Khokela amanzi amdaka ekucoceni isitshizi ukuya kwimisele yamanzi amdaka efama okanye kumadama okucocwa, ukuthintela ukungena ngokuthe ngqo emilanjeni, kumachibi, nakwezinye iindawo ezinamanzi.

FAQ

1. Indlela yokukhetha isitshizi sezolimo esifanelekileyo sokutshiza ngokuchanekileyo?

Kufuneka ihambelane ngokwesikali sokutyala kunye nomhlaba: kwiindawo ezincinci (ngaphantsi kweehektare ezi-0.3), izitshizi ze-manual ezinemibhobho ehlengahlengiswayo zingabizi kakhulu; kwiifama eziphakathi (i-0.3-3 yeehektare), izitshizi zombane ezinoxinzelelo lwedijithali kunye nokulawulwa kokuhamba zinconywa kwimiphumo ezinzileyo; iindawo ezinkulu okanye umhlaba ontsonkothileyo (ngaphezu kweehektare ezi-3), izitshizi ezinenjini ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwemilomo ye-engile ebanzi ziyacetyiswa ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Gxininisa kwimisebenzi engundoqo efana nokulungelelaniswa koxinzelelo kunye nokuhambelana nombhobho ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyahlangabezana nolawulo lwamathontsi kunye neemfuno zokuma ekujoliswe kuzo zokutshiza ngokuchanekileyo.

2. Ngaba ukutshiza ngokuchanekileyo kuya kwandisa iindleko zokufama?

Hayi, endaweni yoko iya kunciphisa iindleko zexesha elide. Ukutshiza ngokuchanekileyo kunokunyusa izinga lokusetyenziswa kwezitshabalalisi ngaphezulu kwe-30%, kucuthwe iindleko zokuthenga izitshabalalisi; izitshizi eziqhelekileyo zifuna kuphela ukuphuculwa kweendleko eziphantsi (ezifana nemibhobho ehlengahlengiswayo ye-1.5- $ 4.5, ii-directional covers ze-$ 3- $ 8) ukufezekisa ukutshiza okuchanekileyo okusisiseko, ngaphandle kwesidingo sezixhobo ezibizayo eziphezulu; ukuncitshiswa kwakhona kokutshizwa rhoqo konga iindleko zabasebenzi.

3. Ukutshiza ngokuchanekileyo ngezitshizi zezolimo kunokuphucula kangakanani izinga lokusetyenziswa kwezitshabalalisi?

Ukutshiza ngokuchanekileyo ngezitshizi zezolimo kunokunyusa izinga lokusetyenziswa kwezitshabalalisi ngaphezu kwe-30%. Oku kungenxa yokuba ixhomekeke kubuchwephesha obungundoqo obufana nolawulo lwamathontsi kunye nokubekwa kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo kwizitshizi zezolimo, ukuphepha inkunkuma yezitshabalalisi ebangelwa 'kutshiza' lwendlela yezikhukula. Umzekelo, izitshizi zombane ezinolawulo lokuqukuqela zingaqhubeka zizinzisa izinga lokusetyenziswa ngokulungelelanisa ngokuchanekileyo idosi ngehektare nganye; nezitshizi zezandla eziqhelekileyo zinokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo izinga lokusetyenziswa kwezitshabalalisi emva kokulungiswa komlomo kunye nokusebenza okusemgangathweni.

Ukuqukumbela

Ukutshiza ngokuchanekileyo akuphelelanga kubalimi abakhulu kuphela; bonke abalimi banokuyifumana. Ngokukhetha okufanelekileyo, ukuphuculwa kwezixhobo, kunye nokusebenza okusemgangathweni, iinjongo zokutshiza ngokuchanekileyo, ukunciphisa idosi, ukunyuka kokusebenza, kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo okuluhlaza kunokufezekiswa. Ukusuka kulawulo lwamathontsi ukuya kunyango lwenkunkuma yolwelo, ulawulo olucokisekileyo lwekhonkco ngalinye ngundoqo ekuphuculeni iingeniso zokufama nokuziqhelanisa nezolimo eziluhlaza.I-SeeSa igxile kwi-R&D kunye nokuveliswa kwezitshizi zezolimo. Izitshizi zayo zemanyuwali, zombane, kunye neemoto zonke zilungele iimfuno zokutshiza ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zinokubonelela ngezisombululo ezilungiselelwe iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokulima. Ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nezixhobo zokutshiza ezichanekileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe obulungele iimfuno zakho, wamkelekile ukuba undwendwele iwebhusayithi yethu esemthethweni okanye uqhagamshelane nathi, kwaye uvumele izixhobo zobungcali kunye nobuchwepheshe buxhobise ukulima kwakho ngokuluhlaza.